Jurassic World From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search This article is about the 2015 film. For the franchise, see Jurassic Park. For other uses, see Jurassic World (disambiguation). Jurassic World Jurassic World poster.jpg Theatrical release poster Directed by Colin Trevorrow Screenplay by Rick Jaffa Amanda Silver Derek Connolly Colin Trevorrow Story by Rick Jaffa Amanda Silver Based on Characters by Michael Crichton Produced by Frank Marshall Patrick Crowley Starring Chris Pratt Bryce Dallas Howard Vincent D'Onofrio Ty Simpkins Nick Robinson Omar Sy BD Wong Irrfan Khan Cinematography John Schwartzman Edited by Kevin Stitt Music by Michael Giacchino Production companies Amblin Entertainment Legendary Pictures The Kennedy/Marshall Company[1] Distributed by Universal Pictures Release dates May 29, 2015 (Le Grand Rex) June 12, 2015 (United States) Running time 124 minutes[2] Country United States Language English Budget $150 million Box office $1.670 billion Jurassic World is a 2015 American science fiction action film.[3] It is the fourth installment of the Jurassic Park franchise and the first in the Jurassic World trilogy. Directed by Colin Trevorrow, written by Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver, alongside Derek Connolly and Trevorrow from a story by Jaffa and Silver, and produced by Frank Marshall and Patrick Crowley, the film stars Chris Pratt, Bryce Dallas Howard, Vincent D'Onofrio, Ty Simpkins, Nick Robinson, Omar Sy, BD Wong, and Irrfan Khan. Set 22 years after the events of Jurassic Park, Jurassic World takes place on the same fictional island of Isla Nublar, located off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. A successful theme park of cloned dinosaurs, dubbed Jurassic World, has operated on the island for years, bringing John Hammond's dream to fruition. The park plunges into chaos when a transgenic dinosaur escapes from its enclosure and goes on a rampage, while a conspiracy orchestrated by the park's staff creates more dangers. Universal Pictures intended to begin production of a fourth Jurassic Park film in 2004 for a mid-2005 release but was in development hell while the script underwent several revisions. Following a suggestion from executive producer Steven Spielberg, writers Jaffa and Silver explored the idea of a functional dinosaur park. Once Trevorrow was hired as director in 2013, he followed the same idea while developing a new script with Connolly. Filming lasted from April to August 2014 in Louisiana and Hawaii. The dinosaurs were created by Industrial Light & Magic using CGI and by Legacy Effects using life-sized animatronics. Production was completed in May 2015.[4] Jurassic World was released in the United States on June 12, 2015. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed $1.6 billion in box office revenue, reaching third among the highest-grossing films of all time. It was also the second-highest-grossing film of 2015 and the highest-grossing in the franchise. Two sequels have been produced: Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) and Jurassic World Dominion (2022). Contents 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Themes and analysis 4 Production 4.1 Development 4.2 Pre-production 4.3 Filming 5 Music 6 Marketing 7 Release 7.1 Theatrical 7.2 Home media 8 Reception 8.1 Box office 8.1.1 United States and Canada 8.1.2 Other territories 8.2 Critical response 8.3 Accolades 9 Controversies 9.1 Scientific accuracy 9.2 Writing credits dispute 10 Sequels 11 Rides and other media 12 References 13 External links Plot Brothers Zach and Gray Mitchell visit Jurassic World, a dinosaur theme park on Isla Nublar, of which their aunt Claire Dearing is the operations manager. Claire assigns her assistant Zara as the boys' guide, but they evade her and explore on their own. Elsewhere on the island, Navy veteran and ethologist Owen Grady has been training a quartet of Velociraptors composed of Blue, Delta, Echo, and Charlie, and researching their intelligence. Based on the raptors' ability to follow commands, head of InGen security Vic Hoskins believes that the animals can be weaponized, an idea Owen and his assistant Barry vehemently oppose. Prior to its opening, Claire and park owner Simon Masrani inspect the park's newest attraction, the Indominus rex, a transgenic dinosaur created by geneticist Dr. Henry Wu. Masrani tasks Owen with evaluating the enclosure's security. Owen warns Claire that the Indominus lacks social skills, making it dangerous and unpredictable. When the Indominus has apparently escaped, Owen and two park workers enter the enclosure. The Indominus, which can camouflage itself and mask its heat signature, suddenly appears. Owen survives, but it devours the other two men before escaping into the island's interior. Realizing that it is highly vicious and intelligent, Owen advises Masrani to have the Indominus destroyed, but to protect his company's investment, Masrani dispatches a specialized unit to subdue it with non-lethal weaponry, so it can safely be returned to its paddock. After most of the unit is slaughtered, Claire orders the evacuation of the island's northern sector, while Masrani ponders Owen's warning and confronts Wu. While exploring the park in a tour vehicle, Zach and Gray enter a restricted area. The Indominus arrives and destroys the vehicle but the boys narrowly escape. They find the ruins of the original Jurassic Park visitor center, repair an old Jeep Wrangler, and drive back to the park resort. As Claire and Owen search for the boys, they barely escape the Indominus as well. Masrani and two troopers hunt down the Indominus by helicopter, but it breaks into the park's aviary. The aviary's pterosaurs crash Masrani's helicopter, killing its passengers, before converging onto the resort, and attacking everyone, including Zara who is then devoured by a Mosasaurus. Gray and Zach find Owen and Claire at the resort as armed personnel shoot down the pterosaurs. Assuming command, Hoskins orders the raptors to be used to track the Indominus, whereupon Owen reluctantly complies and spearheads the assault with the raptors. Upon finding the Indominus, the dinosaurs begin communicating among themselves. Owen realizes that the Indominus has Velociraptor DNA and it takes away Owen's command of the raptors, becoming the pack's new alpha. Troops fire on the Indominus, but it escapes. The raptors kill most of the troops, while Charlie is killed in the chaos. Hoskins evacuates Wu and the dinosaur embryos from the island to protect Wu's research. Owen, Claire, and the boys find Hoskins at the lab securing more embryos, but Delta breaks in and kills him. Owen re-establishes his bond with the three surviving raptors before the Indominus reappears. They attack the hybrid, but Delta and Echo are killed while Blue is knocked unconscious. Claire releases the Jurassic Park’s veteran Tyrannosaurus rex from its paddock and lures it into a battle with the Indominus. The Indominus eventually gains the advantage over the Tyrannosaurus until Blue recovers and joins the battle. The duo overpower the Indominus until it gets cornered at the lagoon's edge, where it is dragged underwater by the Mosasaurus. The survivors are evacuated and the island is abandoned once again. Zach and Gray are reunited with their parents, while Owen and Claire decide to stay together. Cast
Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom Jurassic World Fallen Kingdom.png Theatrical release poster Directed by J. A. Bayona Written by Derek Connolly Colin Trevorrow Based on Characters by Michael Crichton Produced by Frank Marshall Patrick Crowley Belén Atienza Starring Chris Pratt Bryce Dallas Howard Rafe Spall Toby Jones Ted Levine BD Wong Jeff Goldblum Cinematography Óscar Faura Edited by Bernat Vilaplana Music by Michael Giacchino Production companies Amblin Entertainment[1] Legendary Pictures[1] Perfect World Pictures[2] The Kennedy/Marshall Company[1] Distributed by Universal Pictures[1] Release dates May 21, 2018 (WiZink Center) June 22, 2018 (United States) Running time 128 minutes[3] Country United States[4] Language English Budget $170–187 million[5][6] Box office $1.310 billion[7] Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom is a 2018 American science fiction action film[8] and the sequel to Jurassic World (2015). Directed by J. A. Bayona, it is the second installment of the Jurassic World trilogy, and the fifth overall installment of the Jurassic Park franchise. Derek Connolly and Jurassic World director Colin Trevorrow returned as writers, with Trevorrow and the original 1993 Jurassic Park director Steven Spielberg as executive producers. The story follows Owen Grady and Claire Dearing as they return to the fictional Central American island of Isla Nublar to rescue the remaining dinosaurs from an impending volcanic eruption, only to discover a mercenary team's ulterior motives to bring them to the US mainland. Chris Pratt, Bryce Dallas Howard, BD Wong, and Jeff Goldblum reprise their roles from previous films in the series, with Toby Jones, Ted Levine, and Rafe Spall joining the cast. Filming took place from February to July 2017 in the United Kingdom and in Hawaii. Produced and distributed by Universal Pictures, Fallen Kingdom premiered in Madrid on May 21, 2018, and was released in the United States on June 22. The film grossed over $1.3 billion worldwide, making it the third Jurassic film to pass the billion-dollar mark, and was the third-highest-grossing film of 2018 and the 12th-highest-grossing film of all time. It received mixed reviews from critics, who generally praised the visuals and darker tone, while others criticized the screenplay and felt the series had run its course.[9] A sequel, Jurassic World Dominion, is set to be released in June 2022. Contents 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 3.1 Development 3.2 Pre-production 3.3 Writing 3.3.1 Bayona 3.4 Casting 3.5 Filming 3.5.1 United Kingdom 3.5.2 Hawaii 3.6 Creatures on screen 4 Music 5 Marketing 6 Release 6.1 Theatrical 6.2 Home media 7 Reception 7.1 Box office 7.1.1 United States and Canada 7.1.2 Outside North America 7.2 Critical response 7.3 Accolades 8 Sequel 9 Notes 10 References 11 External links Plot Following the closure of Jurassic World in 2015,[a] a small mercenary team arrives on the abandoned Isla Nublar to collect DNA from the Indominus rex remains in the lagoon. After collecting a bone sample, the Mosasaurus devours their submersible. The Tyrannosaurus attacks their helicopter, but they manage to escape with the sample, also allowing the Mosasaurus to escape into the open ocean. Three years later, the U.S. Senate debates whether Isla Nublar's dinosaurs should be saved from an impending volcanic eruption. Mathematician Dr. Ian Malcolm testifies that the dinosaurs should perish naturally to correct the wrongful cloning done by John Hammond. Meanwhile, Jurassic World's former operations manager, Claire Dearing, has established the Dinosaur Protection Group to save the animals. After the Senate rules against rescuing the animals, Hammond's former partner, Sir Benjamin Lockwood, summons Claire to his Northern California estate. Lockwood and his aide, Eli Mills, reveal a plan to relocate the dinosaurs to a new island sanctuary. Claire is needed to reactivate the park's tracking system to locate the animals, particularly Blue, the last surviving Velociraptor. Claire recruits Owen Grady, former Velociraptor trainer, to help capture her. On Isla Nublar, Claire and former park technician Franklin Webb reactivate the online tracking system. Owen, paleo-veterinarian Zia Rodriguez, and a mercenary team led by Ken Wheatley, track and find Blue. The encounter escalates, resulting in Blue being shot and Wheatley tranquilizing Owen. Wheatley then abandons Owen, Claire, and Franklin on the island while forcibly taking Zia hostage to treat Blue. The ship, loaded with captured dinosaurs, departs as the remaining dinosaurs are left behind to die in the eruption. Claire, Franklin, and Owen sneak aboard the ship and help Zia transfuse Blue with Tyrannosaurus blood to save her life. Rather than being relocated to a new island, the captured dinosaurs are transported to the Lockwood estate, where Lockwood's orphaned granddaughter Maisie overhears Mills and auctioneer Mr. Eversoll secretly planning to sell the dinosaurs on the black market. They will also preview the Indoraptor, a weaponized, transgenic dinosaur created by geneticist Dr. Henry Wu using Indominus rex and Velociraptor DNA. Wu needs Blue's DNA to create an enhanced Indoraptor that is obedient to commands, unaware that Blue's blood is no longer pure. After Maisie informs Lockwood about the auction, he confronts Mills, who murders him. Maisie is later revealed to have been cloned from Lockwood's deceased daughter and the reason why John Hammond ended their association. The auctioned dinosaurs are being immediately shipped out. Franklin evades capture and frees Zia, but Owen and Claire have been apprehended. Owen incites a Stygimoloch into breaking open their cell. The two encounter Maisie, and they learn the Indoraptor is being sold despite Wu's protests that it is a prototype. Owen disrupts the auction by luring the Stygimoloch into the room. In the ensuing chaos, Wheatley tranquilizes the Indoraptor to extract a tooth as a trophy, but the hybrid, having merely feigned unconsciousness, kills Wheatley, Eversoll, and others as it escapes. It chases Owen, Claire, and Maisie throughout the mansion until Blue, released by Zia, confronts the Indoraptor. Atop a high glass roof, both animals crash through it, killing the Indoraptor and leaving Blue unharmed. When a hydrogen cyanide gas leak threatens the caged dinosaurs, Maisie frees them, ignoring Owen's objections. As Mills attempts to flee with the Indominus rex bone, the Tyrannosaurus devours him and tramples the bone. Owen, Claire, Maisie, Zia, and Franklin escape, while Blue and the other released dinosaurs flee the estate grounds. In a new U.S. Senate hearing, Dr. Malcolm declares the beginning of a neo-Jurassic Age, where humans and dinosaurs must coexist. The closing scenes depict the freed dinosaurs roaming the wilderness and outer urban areas. Cast Main article: List of Jurassic Park characters Chris Pratt as Owen Grady: A Navy veteran and ethologist, and former Velociraptor handler for Jurassic World.[12] Bryce Dallas Howard as Claire Dearing: Jurassic World's former operations manager, now a dinosaur-rights activist, who has founded the Dinosaur Protection Group to save Isla Nublar's surviving dinosaurs.[12][13] Rafe Spall as Eli Mills: Lockwood's ambitious assistant who recruits Owen and Claire to rescue the dinosaurs. Speaking of his character's actions over the course of the film, Spall said: "Ambition is such a powerful emotion, you can get wrapped up in it and end up doing things in order to succeed. This character believes he is doing right. He has been entrusted with pushing Lockwood's fortune into the future and making it survive after he dies. Mills feels he is simply doing what he was asked to do".[2][14] Justice Smith as Franklin Webb: A former IT technician for Jurassic World who is now the Dinosaur Protection Group's systems analyst and hacker.[13][15] Daniella Pineda as Zia Rodriguez: A former Marine who is now the Dinosaur Protection Group's paleoveterinarian.[2][13][15] James Cromwell as Sir Benjamin Lockwood: Dr. John Hammond's former partner in developing the technology to clone dinosaurs.[16][17] Toby Jones as Mr. Eversoll: An auctioneer host at Lockwood Estate who sells the Isla Nublar dinosaurs for profit.[2] In an interview, Jones likened his character to that of "a rogue arms dealer; he sees profits in selling these creatures as weapons. He is totally morally neutral about whatever he is selling. He is only interested in whether or not it will make him a profit".[2] Ted Levine as Ken Wheatley: A seasoned mercenary who commands the rescue operation on Isla Nublar.[2] BD Wong as Dr. Henry Wu: The former head geneticist of both Jurassic World and the original Jurassic Park. Speaking of his character's actions, Wong stated: "I do think he's motivated by his love for science and his own ego, which is well supported by his massive achievements ... I think he turns a blind eye to the human suffering that comes as a result because he thinks he's looking at some bigger picture".[18][19] Isabella Sermon as Maisie Lockwood: Lockwood's young granddaughter and legal ward following her parents' deaths.[20][21][22][23] Geraldine Chaplin as Iris: The Lockwood Estate housekeeper, Maisie's nanny, and protector of the Lockwood family secrets.[2][24] Jeff Goldblum as Dr. Ian Malcolm: An expert in chaos theory who once consulted for InGen's Jurassic Park and was a key figure involved in the 1997 San Diego incident.[25] In a podcast interview, Goldblum spoke of his role: "It's small... who knows, they may cut me out entirely! But if I stay in, I'll be a sprig of parsley or a little garnish, hopefully with some impact!"[26][27] Director Bayona confirmed that Goldblum's role is simply a cameo, as "he doesn't have a major role in the action but it's definitely a very meaningful one in terms of the story".[28] Peter Jason as Senator Sherwood: An American politician who debates about saving the dinosaurs before the volcano erupts. Production Development During early conversations about the 2015 film Jurassic World, executive producer Steven Spielberg told director Colin Trevorrow that he was interested in having several more films made.[29] Trevorrow said in 2014 that they wanted to create something "less arbitrary and episodic" that could possibly "arc into a series that would feel like a complete story".[30] Trevorrow said he would direct the sequel if asked.[30] He later told Spielberg he would only focus on directing one film in the Jurassic Park series,[29] and would be involved in the sequel "in some way, but not as director". Trevorrow felt that different directors could bring different qualities to future films.[31] Trevorrow said in June 2015 that he was interested in seeing a Jurassic Park film made by one of several unnamed Spanish horror film directors.[32] Jurassic World producer Frank Marshall met with Trevorrow and Universal Pictures later that month to discuss a sequel.[33] Trevorrow suggested that the sequel would not involve a dinosaur theme park, as he felt future films could instead explore the idea of dinosaurs and humans co-existing.[29][34] He said the film could involve dinosaurs going open source, resulting in multiple entities around the world being able to create their own dinosaurs for various uses.[35][36] Pre-production Universal announced a sequel in July 2015, referred to as Jurassic World 2, scheduled for a June 22, 2018 release date in the US.[12] Trevorrow was announced to write the script with his writing partner Derek Connolly, as they had for Jurassic World. It was also announced that the film would be produced by Marshall, and that Spielberg and Trevorrow would act as executive producers, while Chris Pratt and Bryce Dallas Howard would reprise their roles from the previous film.[12] Unlike its predecessors, Trevorrow said the sequel would not involve "a bunch of dinosaurs chasing people on an island", an idea that he found repetitive.[36] Trevorrow spoke of the film's possible open-source storyline: "It's almost like InGen is Mac, but what if PC gets their hands on it? What if there are 15 different entities around the world who can make a dinosaur?"[36] By October 2015, horror director J. A. Bayona was being considered to direct the film.[37] However, he chose instead to proceed with the World War Z sequel, a project for which he had already signed on.[37] He dropped out of that project three months later due to other commitments,[38] and was hired as Jurassic World 2 director in April 2016, with Belén Atienza and Patrick Crowley joining Marshall as producers.[39] Spielberg, Marshall, and Kathleen Kennedy had been impressed by Bayona's 2012 film, The Impossible, and initially considered having him direct Jurassic World, which he declined as he felt there was not enough time for production.[40][41] Trevorrow wanted Bayona to direct the sequel after seeing his 2007 horror film, The Orphanage.[42][43] Before he was hired, Bayona had met with Trevorrow and became enthused with the project after being shown the script's second half, which would play out like a haunted house film.[44] After Bayona was hired, Trevorrow said of the film: "We're moving it into new territory. J. A. Bayona is an incredible director and I know he'll push the boundaries of what a 'Jurassic' movie is. I think it's important that we take risks. A franchise must evolve or perish".[45] Trevorrow and Bayona worked closely throughout the film's production.[2] The film, under the working title of Ancient Futures,[46] was in full pre-production as of July 2016, with storyboards being designed.[47] Andy Nicholson was hired as the film's production designer.[2] He spent four weeks with Bayona in Barcelona, discussing reference pictures and background details, as well as Bayona's ideas for the Lockwood mansion.[2] For the film's second half where dinosaurs are transported by boat to the mainland, Ecuador and Peru had both been scouted as possible filming locations and settings. Marshall thought that Cabo San Lucas would be ideal, but these locations ultimately did not work for the film's story. Although the film would be shot partly in England, Spielberg felt the country was too far from the fictional Isla Nublar to be used as the in-film setting for the second half. He and the producers did not want the film to spend too much time on a boat. Crowley stated: "Rather than making it a movie about traveling on a boat, which is not very exciting, you needed to get to the place".[48] In September 2016, Bayona confirmed the film would be the second chapter in a planned Jurassic World trilogy.[49] Later that year, Jurassic World composer Michael Giacchino was confirmed to return,[50] while Óscar Faura was announced as the film's cinematographer.[51] Writing Although Spielberg was heavily involved in the development of ideas for Jurassic World, he had Trevorrow and Connolly devise their own ideas for the sequel. He retained final approval on the project.[52] In June 2015, about two weeks after the theatrical release of Jurassic World, Trevorrow embarked on a road trip from Los Angeles to his home state of Vermont.[2] Connolly agreed to accompany him so they could discuss a basic set of ideas Trevorrow had for the film.[2] During their eight-day trip,[53] they began work on the script and devised the basic story.[54][55] Trevorrow said it was inspired by a quote from Dr. Alan Grant in the first film: "Dinosaurs and man, two species separated by 65 million years of evolution, have suddenly been thrown back into the mix together. How can we possibly have the slightest idea of what to expect?"[56] Trevorrow said the story was heavily influenced by the idea that "a mistake made a long time ago just can't be undone".[57] He also said the film deals with themes of political megalomania, greed, and "making decisions with lack of care for how it affects people's lives".[58] The film is also based on concepts from Michael Crichton's novel Jurassic Park (1990) and its sequel The Lost World (1995), and includes dialogue from the first novel.[57] Isla Nublar's volcano was in the first novel, and the writers chose to incorporate it into the film's plot.[59] Trevorrow compared the destruction of Isla Nublar to "the burning down of a church or a temple. I honestly think it's like killing off a character in a way, and if you're going to do that, as long as you approach it with the proper respect and acknowledgement that you understand how indelible and permanent what you're doing is, then hopefully people will have an emotional response but they won't hate you for it".[58] The idea to include a "silent partner" for John Hammond was also inspired by the Jurassic Park novel.[60] Although the character of Benjamin Lockwood was not featured in the novel, the book depicts the early years leading up to the cloning of dinosaurs.[60] This made Trevorrow realize there would have been many people involved in such a project, convincing him that someone like Lockwood would be among those people.[60] In his initial film treatment, Trevorrow had included story elements that Marshall and Crowley considered excessive for a single film. The producers felt it was important to include details about Owen and Claire's lives after the events of Jurassic World.[48] Although the original ending was the same as the final film, Trevorrow had wanted to include more details about the integration of dinosaurs into the world.[61] He chose to remove them to keep the story focused.[61] The script's structure, Trevorrow said, was inspired by Spielberg's 2015 film Bridge of Spies, in which two seemingly unrelated stories "collide in the middle, and move on together".[52] Trevorrow was also inspired by the 1975 film Three Days of the Condor: "It's one of those places where you think you know what the score is, and then everything changes, and then suddenly you don't know who to trust".[52] The film includes ideas previously featured in a rejected 2004 draft for Jurassic Park IV (later Jurassic World), presented in the same structure: a return to Isla Nublar followed by a second half set in a large Gothic building on the mainland.[62] The idea of selling weaponized dinosaurs was also in the rejected draft, which Trevorrow had read while writing the first Jurassic World film.[62][63] The idea of weaponized dinosaurs came from Spielberg.[53][64] Having directed Jurassic World, Trevorrow was familiar with how animatronics worked and wrote scenes for the sequel that would allow for their use.[65] For example, animatronics are incapable of certain actions such as running.[65] Regarding the idea of human cloning, Trevorrow said that "we're so much closer to cloning humans than we are to cloning dinosaurs. It felt like far less of a leap to me than dinosaurs do. [...] To have a character who has such deep love and has felt such loss and the inability to go on, I think is something we all feel. So the idea that you might be able to bring someone back in that way is emotionally grounded in a very universal idea".[66] Trevorrow also said he was interested in "the larger impact" of genetic power, including its emotional impact and its potential human impact.[60] He added, "we knew that we didn't want to continue to make movies about the dangers of messing with science. We want to tell a story about where we are now, which is that we have messed with science, we have fundamentally altered our world and now we're dealing with the consequences".[60] Trevorrow was nervous about how audiences would react to the story's human cloning aspect, an idea supported by Spielberg, who was excited about the questions that such an idea could raise in the film's sequel.[58] Because of criticism of the death of Zara in the previous film, Trevorrow said for Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom: "We made sure that every death was earned. Everybody deserves their death in this movie, a lesson learned. In 2018 everyone earns it. Horrible people".[58] One of Trevorrow's ideas was to include Jeff Goldblum's character of Ian Malcolm, who appeared in the franchise's earlier films.[67] Trevorrow and Goldblum discussed dialogue ideas for Malcolm, and Trevorrow said he used a lot of dialogue from Crichton's Jurassic Park novel for the character.[2][68] Marshall said that Trevorrow wrote Malcolm as "the 'Uh oh, danger, I told you so' kind of character".[41] Trevorrow said of Malcolm: "I saw him as kind of Al Gore. He's got a beard now, and he's like, 'I told all of you this was going to be a disaster, and sure enough it is'".[69] The character of Lowery, a park control-room employee from the previous Jurassic World film, was considered for a return in Fallen Kingdom.[70] Trevorrow ultimately replaced Lowery with the equivalent character Franklin Webb.[70] According to Trevorrow, Lowery did not have quite the same spirit as Franklin: "We did like the idea of [Zia and Franklin] being pretty idealistic young people who are activists who really believe in the cause that Claire believes in. I wasn't really able to shoehorn [Lowery] into that, he's kind of a cynical guy".[70] Jake Johnson met with Connolly to discuss his character's appearance in Fallen Kingdom.[71] Johnson later said that Lowery "is a different guy because of what he went through in the first movie. Like he's got a huge ponytail now. I pitched that he's got sleeve tattoos. The trauma of seeing a dinosaur attack really messed him up. I thought we could have some fun".[71] In October 2016, Johnson said he and his character would not be in the film.[72][73] Bayona After Bayona was hired, he began reading Crichton's novels - including Jurassic Park and The Lost World - for inspiration.[74][75][76] He also re-watched each of the previous Jurassic Park films.[76] Trevorrow and Connolly began working with Bayona in July 2016, to perfect the script to the director's liking.[57] Bayona had his own ideas incorporated into the script while essentially retaining the original story devised by Trevorrow and Connolly.[47] The film's underwater opening sequence was already in their script,[44] and Bayona asked Trevorrow to push for it to become a bigger scene with a larger set.[44] Because the film has a lengthy period until the action scenes involving the volcano, Bayona felt it was necessary to expand the opening sequence to be action oriented.[76] He also expanded Blue's surgery scene, as he felt it was a key moment demonstrating Owen's relationship with her.[76] In addition, Bayona added an action scene to the sequence set on board the Arcadia, the ship that transports the dinosaurs. He felt that the sequence was too lengthy and required some action, leading to his suggestion of Owen and Claire retrieving blood from the T. rex to aid in Blue's surgery.[76] Bayona and Trevorrow removed certain moments from the final script that they felt would be better for the sequel, which would depict dinosaurs having spread around the world.[58] Trevorrow said Fallen Kingdom would be more "suspenseful and scary" than its predecessor: "It's just the way it's designed; it's the way the story plays out. I knew I wanted Bayona to direct it long before anyone ever heard that it was a possibility, so the whole thing was just built around his skillset".[57] Trevorrow later described the film as "The Impossible meets The Orphanage with dinosaurs".[43] Bayona said that with the first half of the film set on an island, "you have what you expect from a Jurassic movie", while the second half "moves to a totally different environment that feels more suspenseful, darker, claustrophobic, and even has this kind of gothic element, which I love".[77] The "gothic element" of suspense was influenced by Alfred Hitchcock films.[78] Bayona compared the film to The Empire Strikes Back and Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, which were both considered darker than their predecessors.[79] Regarding the mansion sequence in which Maisie is chased by the Indoraptor, Bayona compared the scenes to "the classic ending of a fairy tale, of a Gothic story, like finishing at the top of the castle with the princess in the tower and the dragon chasing the little girl".[80] Trevorrow said the film's dinosaurs would be "a parable of the treatment animals receive today: the abuse, medical experimentation, pets, having wild animals in zoos like prisons, the use the military has made of them, animals as weapons".[81] In Trevorrow and Connolly's draft, the dinosaurs would be sold rather than auctioned.[76] Spielberg and Trevorrow liked Bayona's idea to have the sale changed to an auction, which Bayona believed to be "the best way possible to show the greed in those characters. Because all the people are together in the same room betting for the animals".[76] Trevorrow said that they sought to explore "the uglier side" of humanity and "our cruel treatment" of living creatures.[82] According to Trevorrow, the auction scene was initially envisioned as "a dirty, unsavory bunch of animal traffickers" but he said that Bayona "kept us from going too far", embracing the darker elements while adding his own "sense of playfulness and humor".[82] Trevorrow described the final auction scene as "more like a Sotheby's auction for the super-wealthy" while stating: "I think it played much better for kids, and was the right choice when balanced against the poor treatment of the animals we were seeing, which could have become irreparably sad".[82] Trevorrow said that with the dinosaur auction, "the worst instincts of mankind are revealed. The first film was very clearly about corporate greed. This is just about human greed".[83] Casting In October 2016, casting was underway for the role of a nine-year-old girl.[84] Approximately 2,500 girls were interviewed for the part, which ultimately went to Isabella Sermon, marking her film debut.[2] Tom Holland - who previously starred in The Impossible - had discussed a role in the film with Bayona, but did not believe he would be available because of scheduling conflicts.[85] Toby Jones, Rafe Spall, and Justice Smith were cast at the end of the year.[86][87][88] Daniella Pineda, Ted Levine and James Cromwell were cast in early 2017,[17][89][90] while BD Wong confirmed his return as Dr. Henry Wu.[18] Geraldine Chaplin, who had appeared in each of Bayona's previous films, was also cast.[24] To maintain secrecy, the Ancient Futures title was used in the casting phase. During auditions, references to dinosaurs were replaced with animals such as lions and grizzly bears.[91][92] To convince the studio that Pineda was right for the role of Zia, Bayona had her demonstrate she could perform comedy and drama scenes, as well as improvise.[93] Pineda auditioned seven times before being given the role.[93] She auditioned for Bayona, Atienza, and Crowley but did not meet the cast until she arrived in England for filming.[93] Howard expressed interest in seeing characters from earlier Jurassic Park films return for the fifth installment.[94] In April 2017, Goldblum was confirmed to reprise his role from the first two films as Dr. Ian Malcolm.[25] Bayona considered Malcolm a "great character!"[75] Marshall said: "The world has changed a lot since Ian Malcolm went to Jurassic Park and we need his point of view now more than ever. He told us about chaos theory, he was right".[95] Filming Filming began on February 24, 2017,[96][97] and the shoot included locations in England followed by Hawaii.[98] Most of the filming in England took place at Pinewood Studios.[99] Because of its large sound stages, it was considered perfect for the film's many interior scenes.[48] Scenes shot in Hawaii were set on Isla Nublar.[100] A post-credits scene is set at the Paris Las Vegas resort, where loose pteranodons from Lockwood's estate land atop the resort's Eiffel Tower.[101][76] Scenes were also expected to be shot at Brecon Beacons National Park in Wales,[102] but ultimately no filming took place there. The film is the first entry in the Jurassic Park series to be shot in CinemaScope, a widescreen 2.40:1 aspect ratio, as Bayona wanted to present the film as "bigger" and "more epic".[103] The film crew used Arri Alexa 65 cameras exclusively, making it the first film in the series to be shot digitally.[67] Several scenes were shot to reference various films including From Here to Eternity (1953) and Dracula (1979), as well as Spielberg's films Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982).[58][104] Spielberg was shown scenes from the film during production and offered Bayona his opinions.[42] Bayona said that making the film was the biggest challenge of his life.[43] The original cut of the film was approximately two hours and 45 minutes,[105] which the filmmakers considered too long.[106] It was trimmed to two hours and eight minutes for the final cut.[105] One scene removed from the film for runtime reasons revealed the character of Zia to be a lesbian, an idea that came from Bayona and Trevorrow.[106] The two chose not to include the deleted scenes on the film's home video release, as they believed that there was nothing meaningful in the scenes that would be of interest to viewers.[76] The Pteranodons in Las Vegas is one scene that was cut but eventually added as the film's post-credits scene prior to the theatrical release.[76] During filming, and in between takes, Bayona used an iPod to play different types of music on set to inspire the actors, as he had done with his previous films.[107][108] He also played sound effects from other films in the series,[109] including a T. rex roar that he sometimes used to get a natural reaction from the actors.[110] In particular, Bayona played unexpected sounds and loud music to scare Smith for certain scenes, as his character is portrayed as easily frightened.[91][107] Bayona and Pratt discussed each scene involving Owen's character before it was shot, and many of Pratt's ideas were used in the film. Discussing Levine's character, Bayona said: "He came with this idea of creating this kind of military man. He just wanted to portray the most hateable character possible. [...] And he was so creative on set, trying to give ideas, bringing story notes to make this character more and more hateable".[44] The film includes several indirect references to U.S. President Donald Trump, including an idea from Trevorrow where a news ticker says the "U.S. president" has questioned the "existence of dinosaurs in the first place".[58][111][112][113] Trevorrow included the line because he felt that there was an ongoing "strong denial of science" in the world.[111] Jones was allowed to decide his character's appearance, which included a wig similar to Trump's hairstyle.[58][112] An unscripted moment left in the film involves Levine's character referring to Pineda's character Zia as a "nasty woman", a comment that was previously made famous by Trump.[112][113][114] In Hawaii, scenes where characters are running were filmed with the use of the Edge Arm, a stabilized camera that was attached to a crane, which was mounted to a truck that drove alongside the actors.[115] This specialized camera allowed for scenes to be shot steadily despite the truck being driven over rough terrain.[115] The film includes a scene on Isla Nublar where Claire and Franklin are riding in a ball-shaped Jurassic World Gyrosphere ride to evade dinosaurs.[116] It was shot in England,[116] and at Kualoa Ranch in Oahu, Hawaii.[2] Bayona described the scene as one of the film's biggest challenges.[116] In Hawaii, the Edge Arm was used to film the actors riding in the Gyrosphere as it was hauled on a trailer to simulate its movement.[116][115] In England, an outdoor roller coaster track with a 40-foot drop was constructed for the Gyrosphere, which Howard and Smith rode in to shoot a scene where the ride plummets off a cliff and into the water surrounding Isla Nublar.[116][117] Although this portion of the scene could have been shot with the use of a green screen, Bayona wanted the actors to express genuine fear for the scene.[117] The last part of the scene was shot at Pinewood Studios, where a large indoor tank was constructed and filled with water to depict the submerged ride as Owen tries to break it open and rescue Claire and Franklin.[116][118] This portion of the scene was filmed in five different takes that were merged to make it seem like a single continuous shot.[119] Pratt was aided by a diving instructor while he shot the scene, which also involved Howard and Smith being underwater.[116][118] Filming in the tank lasted five days,[2] and it required a crew of 85.[120] It was shot primarily by a second unit crew, as Bayona was busy directing scenes on other sound stages.[119] United Kingdom Filming in the United Kingdom began at the Langley Business Centre in Slough, England.[121] Scenes shot at the business center included Claire's Dinosaur Protection Group office, old video diaries of Owen training his baby raptors, and Owen and Claire attempting to retrieve blood from the sedated T. rex.[2] Much of the video diary footage was improvised by Pratt.[76] Bayona, at the suggestion of his film editor, later decided to intercut Blue's surgery scene with footage from the video diaries.[76] In April 2017, filming took place at Hartland Park—formerly the Pyestock jet engine test site—in Fleet, Hampshire, England,[122][123] where the film's opening sequence was shot.[2] It was filmed through the night and involved helicopters, rain machines, and lightning simulators to depict a thunderstorm.[2] Bayona described the opening scene as a "massive action piece" that resembled the prologues used in James Bond films.[124][76] Filming also took place at Loch Long in Argyll and Bute, Scotland.[125] The Cragside house was used as the exterior of the Lockwood Estate. Scenes were also filmed on sets at Hampshire's Hawley Common,[123] where the exterior of Lockwood's mansion was built, as well as a mainland loading dock where the dinosaurs are brought.[2] The exterior of the Arcadia was created entirely through computer-generated effects by Industrial Light & Magic (ILM), which worked on the previous films. The ship's interior was constructed by Nicholson and his team as a large set at Pinewood Studios, and after filming, it was rebuilt to depict the large rooftop of the Lockwood Estate.[2] The exterior of the Cragside country house in Northumberland, England, along with its coniferous surroundings, was also used to depict the Lockwood Estate exterior.[126][127] The film crew took plate shots of Cragside and used a computer to combine the shots with footage filmed on set to create the exterior of the Lockwood Estate.[126][127] No actors were involved in the Cragside shoot.[126][127] Nicholson previsualized each of the sets he and his team built to ensure they would be large enough for the intended scenes.[2] He noted: "Someone can tell you a Velociraptor is X-feet long, but until you see it in the space, you can't appreciate what that means in terms of your set and the action that needs to take place within it".[2] The interior of the multi-floor Lockwood Estate was built entirely on sound stages at Pinewood Studios.[2] The estate set included Eli Mills's office, Dr. Wu's large underground laboratory, an underground dinosaur containment facility, separate bedrooms belonging to Benjamin and Maisie Lockwood, and a large library with dinosaur skeletons and artifacts.[2] When filming was completed in the Lockwood library, the set was redecorated and converted into the estate's underground garage, where the dinosaur auction takes place.[2] Pratt said the film involved significantly more stunts than its predecessor.[2] An improvised fist fight scene, between Owen and several men during the dinosaur auction, was added late in filming.[58] It was the first such scene to be featured in the film series, and was filmed in a single continuous shot with the use of a dolly track.[58] Scenes at Hampshire's Blackbushe Airport, standing in as an American airfield, were shot in May 2017.[128] Filming in the United Kingdom concluded on June 10.[98] Up to that point, Trevorrow was present as an on-set writer for each day of production so he could aid Bayona with any possible script changes.[129][130] Goldblum shot his scenes in a single day at Pinewood Studios,[131] during the last day of filming in the United Kingdom.[132] Jones also filmed his scenes on large sets at Pinewood Studios.[2] Hawaii Filming in Hawaii was underway as of June 13, 2017,[133][134] and lasted more than 25 days, with locations that included Dillingham Airfield and Pua'ena Point.[135] On June 21, filming began at Heʻeia Kea Small Boat Harbor,[136] which served as Isla Nublar's shipping dock.[2] More than half the harbor was closed for filming, which required the use of smoke machines. Scenes were scheduled to be shot there until the end of the month.[136][137] Filming also took place in a nearby Heʻeia jungle for scenes where Owen searches for and locates Blue.[2] As a reference to the first Jurassic Park film, the scene between Owen and Blue includes an overturned Ford Explorer, previously featured in the original film as a Jurassic Park tour vehicle.[138] Trevorrow had initially considered including the vehicle in a scene in Jurassic World, before settling on the original Jurassic Park visitor center instead.[138] Another filming location was Kualoa Ranch,[139] which included the exterior set for a radio tower bunker.[2] The film's official title was confirmed as Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom on June 22, 2017.[140] David Vickery and his team at ILM created the volcanic special effects and consulted volcanologists for research.[2] According to Vickery, the team asked "how a volcano of this type might erupt" and also requested information about "the various stages of lava and pyroclastic flow. We are speeding it up a bit for the sake of our film, but it is definitely all based on real science".[2] The lava was created through digital effects, although one scene used cat litter set on fire as a stand-in on set, so the actors would know where to react.[117][141] The scene was set in an Isla Nublar bunker as lava begins dripping from the roof.[117][141] The litter had been soaked in flammable liquid, and was dropped from 12 different nozzles above the set.[117][141] Hālona Blowhole The Main Street section of the Jurassic World theme park was rebuilt on Police Beach in Hawaii for a scene where Owen and Claire return to the island.[2] The set had been built previously in Louisiana for filming of the previous Jurassic World, but was dismantled after filming concluded.[138] For the sequel, Nicholson had part of the Main Street practically built, although the park's visitor center could not be constructed in its entirety because of its large size.[2] Unbuilt portions of the park were created by ILM using digital set extensions.[2] Main Street was the largest set built in Hawaii, and required more than three months to complete.[2] Many of the same prop makers returned to recreate the Main Street set, which then had to be aged to give the appearance of abandonment.[138] Filming took place at Oahu's Hālona Blowhole on July 7,[142][143] where Pratt, Howard and Smith shot scenes on a beach.[2] Filming wrapped one day later.[144] Creatures on screen See also: Dinosaurs in Jurassic Park The film's dinosaurs were created using a combination of animatronics and computer-generated imagery (CGI).[2] Special effects artist Neal Scanlan served as the film's creature effects supervisor,[145] while Vickery and Alex Wuttke were visual effects supervisors.[146] Scanlan worked on the animatronic dinosaurs, while Vickery and his ILM team created versions of the dinosaurs through CGI.[145] ILM animators in Vancouver worked on dinosaur stampede scenes, while ILM's London studio created the remaining creature scenes. Approximately 52 ILM animators worked on the film.[147] Scanlan worked closely with Bayona and Vickery to create the creatures.[145] Vickery and ILM did extensive research to accurately create and depict the dinosaurs, which included consulting with paleontologists. The ILM team also referred to elephants and rhinos to determine how the dinosaurs should move and behave.[2] Dinosaur expert John Hankla, of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, served as an advisor on the film.[148] Hankla also provided several dinosaur fossil recreations for the film,[149] including an accurately sized Velociraptor skeleton that appears in the background at the Lockwood Estate's library of dinosaur skeletons.[150] After reading fan thoughts on dinosaurs and speaking with children, Bayona realized that dinosaur textures and colors were often brought up and said: "I thought that was the area where I could play with. They feel somehow a little bit more exotic and richer in this movie".[145] New research had also suggested that real dinosaurs were more colorful and brighter than previously thought.[2] The film features more dinosaurs than any previous film in the series.[43] Bayona wanted to include several new dinosaurs never seen in earlier films,[145] including Allosaurus, Baryonyx, Carnotaurus, Sinoceratops, Stygimoloch, and the fictional Indoraptor.[151] Initially, the film was to feature two Indoraptors,[152] a white one and a black one, the latter of which would kill the former in what Bayona considered similar to Cain and Abel. The white Indoraptor was eventually removed from the script as the story was considered detailed enough without it.[76] Dilophosaurus was featured in the script, but its scene went un-filmed as Bayona decided it was not necessary. The scene would take place on board the Arcadia, in which Owen and Claire would encounter the Dilophosaurus in a cage. Bayona felt that the scenes on board the ship were long enough already.[76][105] Baryonyx and Carnotaurus were among the creatures created through CGI.[147] The film features more animatronic dinosaurs than any previous sequel,[153][154] and the animatronics used were more technologically advanced than in the earlier films.[153] Five animatronic dinosaurs were created for the film, whereas the previous film featured only one.[2] More animatronics were used because the film features closer interaction between humans and dinosaurs than its predecessor, including a scene where Howard rides atop the sedated T. rex.[2][155] Bayona said that animatronics "are very helpful on set, especially for the actors so they have something to perform against. There's an extra excitement if they can act in front of something real".[145] Scanlan felt animatronics were not best for every scene: "In some ways it will have an impact on your shooting schedule; you have to take time to film with an animatronic. In the balance, we ask ourselves if it is economically and artistically more valuable to do it that way, or as a post-production effect. Once we have looked at each particular case, with the director and the VFX supervisor we decide whether—because of the environment or the circumstances—it is the right way to go practically".[2] Spielberg suggested to Bayona that he not overfill his shots with animatronic dinosaurs, in order to give the impression that the dinosaurs were bigger.[76] Scanlan spent more than eight months at Pinewood Studios working on the creatures before and during filming, with a crew of approximately 35 people.[156] Scanlan's team created functional animatronic models of the T. rex, the Indoraptor and Blue, while ILM worked on CGI versions of the creatures.[145][147] The T. rex was one of the first animatronic creatures needed for filming, in the form of a full-scale head and shoulders. ILM sent Scanlan a model of the T. rex from its appearance in Jurassic World. Scanlan used it to create a full-scale 3D print of the T. rex head and shoulders.[2] The life-sized T. rex animatronic, which had the ability to breathe and move its head, was controlled with joysticks.[153] It was used for a scene where the sedated creature is inside a cage while Owen and Claire attempt to retrieve blood from it. The beginning shots of the scene were created using only the animatronic, while the ending shots solely used CGI. The middle portion of the scene used a combination of the two methods.[147] Within the film's story, the T. rex is portrayed as the same individual featured in previous films.[157] Trevorrow said: "We've been following this same character since the beginning; she's the same T. rex that was in Jurassic Park and in Jurassic World. She is iconic—not just because she's a T. rex, but because she's this T. rex".[2] The Blue animatronic was created to lie down on an operating table, depicting the animal in an injured state while the character of Zia operates on the creature. Up to 12 puppeteers, hidden under the operating table, were needed to control the animatronic during filming.[2] The scene was shot twice, with and without the Blue animatronic, and the two versions were later combined for a seamless effect.[58] In creating Blue through CGI, the animators referred to the animal's appearance in the previous film.[147] According to Vickery, Blue's movements were designed to resemble a dog: "You look at the way Blue cocks her head and looks up at you. It's exactly like a dog. You're trying to sort of connect the dinosaur with things that you understand as a human".[146] The Indoraptor was primarily created through CGI, while a practical head, neck, shoulders, foot and arm were created for close-up shots.[148] For some scenes, an inflatable Indoraptor stand-in was operated by two puppeteers on set, to be later replaced by a CGI version of the creature.[117] The Indoraptor was designed to have long human-like arms.[58] The creature is depicted as a quadruped and biped,[147] with a height of approximately 10 ft (3.0 m) tall while standing on two legs.[2] Bayona chose black for the Indoraptor's color because he wanted the creature to have the appearance of a black shadow, saying "it's very terrifying when you see the Indoraptor in the dark because you can only see the eyes and the teeth".[58] The Indoraptor's front teeth and long claws were inspired by Count Orlok in Nosferatu.[158] Scanlan's team also made puppeteering aids, rod puppets, and several prop dinosaurs, all created by coordinating with Vickery to ensure a consistent result between the practical effects and CGI.[145] Animal motions that could not be perfected with puppetry, such as blinking, were created with computer technology.[2] Among the puppeteer dinosaurs were baby Velociraptor used for a scene with Pratt.[156] The scene's final, wider shots used two-wheeled, remote-controlled toys to stand-in for the baby Velociraptor on set. The toys included a spring which gave them the ability to jump. The feature was used to get a genuinely startled reaction from Pratt.[117] Although motion capture was used in the previous film to depict Velociraptor, ILM determined after several tests the technology would not be adequate for depicting dinosaurs in Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom. They chose instead to use key frame animation done for the previous films. However, some motion capture was done as a form of previsualization to aid Bayona.[147] ILM used key framing to create scenes involving a large number of dinosaurs and referred to high-speed photography of horses racing for aid in creating such scenes.[147] The fight scene between Blue and the Indoraptor, set in Maisie's bedroom, was designed in London and key framed by ILM. Jance Rubinchik, animation supervisor for ILM, said the fight was the "trickiest sequence" because of the lack of previsualization.[147] According to Bayona, a Brachiosaurus shown dying in the volcanic eruption is meant to be the same individual that is first seen in the original Jurassic Park. The Brachiosaurus in the new film was created using the same animations from the 1993 film.[58] The dinosaur's death was the last shot on the entire film to be finished; Bayona and the post-production team struggled to perfect the CGI of the scene with only several days left to complete it. They worked through the final night to perfect the scene's colors and composition, shortly before the film's release.[58][80] For advice on veterinary procedures and animatronic movements, the filmmakers sought a veterinary surgeon who had experience with African wildlife. Jonathan Cranston, a Gloucestershire veterinary surgeon, was recommended for the position because of his experience with wildlife in South Africa. He advised Bayona and the producers on how to choreograph several scenes to accurately depict complex veterinarian procedures that involved the dinosaurs. Cranston also worked closely with Pratt, Howard, Pineda and Smith to teach them how to perform such procedures. He also advised the puppeteers on creating subtle and authentic animal movements and worked with Bayona on two scenes. Cranston was on set for 12 days, primarily at Pinewood Studios.[159] Music Main article: Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (film score) The musical score was composed by Michael Giacchino, who also composed the previous film. John Williams' themes from earlier Jurassic Park scores were incorporated by Giacchino.[160] A soundtrack album was released on June 15, 2018, by Back Lot Music.[161] Marketing A six-second clip from the film was released on November 22, 2017.[162][163] The first trailer was teased for release on November 30, but was later confirmed to be incorrect.[164] Several teaser trailers and a behind-the-scenes featurette of the film were released in early December,[165][166][167][168] before the release of a full-length trailer on December 7.[23][165] That month,[169] Universal launched a website for the Dinosaur Protection Group. It included miscellaneous information about the group and its effort to save the island's dinosaurs,[15] as well as a video featuring Howard, Pineda and Smith as their characters.[170] The website also explained that Isla Sorna, the second island of dinosaurs featured in earlier films, is no longer inhabited.[171] The website was created by Chaos Theorem, a creative digital storytelling company created by Jack Anthony Ewins and Timothy Glover, who worked previously on the Masrani Global website for Jurassic World along with their team Manuel Bejarano, Samuel Phillips, Ross Lane & Jaroslav Kosmina.[172] Trevorrow and Chaos Theorem also created a website and campaign for "Extinction Now!" (the antithesis to the Dinosaur Protection Group), which was launched shortly before the film's release.[173][174] The campaign included a found-footage clip of a Tyrannosaurus loose in San Diego, a reference to The Lost World: Jurassic Park.[174][175] A second trailer aired during Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018.[176][177] A 30-second teaser trailer was later released on April 13, followed by the full trailer on April 18.[178][179] Several of the trailers and commercials for the film included scenes from the ending that depict the Tyrannosaurus rex and the Mosasaurus now loose in the world. This frustrated Trevorrow, who preferred not to show such scenes before the film's release.[60][180] Universal spent $145 million on prints and advertisements promoting the film, and had the benefit of a global marketing campaign by its partners valued at an additional $185 million, more than double the value of the previous film's partner program.[181][182] The campaign included nine partners—Dairy Queen, Doritos, Dr Pepper, Ferrero SpA, Jeep, Juicy Fruit, Kellogg's, M&M's, and Skittles—who aired television commercials and sold products to promote the film.[182] The global marketing campaign consisted of 1.3 billion promotional items including 100 million boxes of Kellogg's products and 15 million packages of Kinder Joy candy by Ferrero.[182] Dairy Queen, a returning partner from the previous film, sold "Jurassic Chomp" ice cream desserts in collectable cups, while Doritos and Dr Pepper marketed versions of their products that featured images of the film's dinosaurs.[182][183] For Super Bowl LII, Trevorrow directed a Jeep commercial starring Goldblum featuring a T. rex. Within 24 hours of its release, the commercial received 39.7 million online views, more than any film trailer watched online following its Super Bowl television debut.[182] Universal also teamed up with Amazon for a marketing stunt where a dinosaur-sized box was driven around Los Angeles on a truck to promote the film.[184][185] Licensing partners Mattel, Lego, and Funko created toys based on the film.[186][187][188][189] Mattel produced a variety of toys,[190] including dinosaurs and action figures,[191][192] as well as Barbie dolls featuring the likeness of Pratt and Howard as their characters.[187] Mattel released a mobile app titled Jurassic World Facts as a tie-in to its dinosaur toys, which included symbols that could be scanned to collect facts about each creature.[193] Lego released a number of Lego sets and characters based on the film.[194] A video game, Jurassic World Evolution, was released simultaneously with the film.[195] A two-part virtual reality miniseries titled Jurassic World: Blue, created by Felix & Paul Studios and Industrial Light and Magic, was released for Oculus VR headsets as a film tie-in, featuring Blue on Isla Nublar at the time of the volcanic eruption.[196][197][198][199] Release Theatrical Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom had its premiere at the WiZink Center in Madrid, Spain, on May 21, 2018.[200][201] The film's international theatrical release began in Singapore and Malaysia on June 7,[202][203] followed by the United Kingdom, India, Italy, South Korea and Angola on June 8.[204] It was released in the United States on June 22, 2018.[12][78] Home media Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom was released digitally on September 4, 2018, and on Blu-ray, DVD, Blu-ray 3D and 4K Blu-ray on September 18.[205] Reception Box office Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom grossed $417.7 million in the United States and Canada, and $892.7 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $1.310 billion,[7] against a production budget of $170 million.[5] The film crossed the $1 billion mark on July 5, 2018, becoming the 35th film of all time to reach this milestone, and the seventh film for Universal. It also made Universal the second studio (after Disney) to have at least two films in three different franchises make $1 billion worldwide, alongside Fast & Furious and Despicable Me.[206] Deadline Hollywood calculated the net profit of the film to be $222.8 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues, making it the eighth most profitable release of 2018.[181] United States and Canada In December 2017, a survey from Fandango indicated that Fallen Kingdom was one of the most anticipated films of 2018.[207] Initial projections three weeks before its release had the film grossing between $130–150 million in its opening weekend in the United States and Canada, with BoxOffice magazine estimating a total of $325–380 million for its final domestic gross.[208][209] By the week of its release, the low-end projections had reached $135 million.[210] It was released on June 22, 2018, in 4,475 theaters (the second-widest release ever behind Despicable Me 3) grossing $58.7 million on its opening day, the second-highest of the franchise and 28th-best on record.[6] The film grossed $15.3 million from Thursday night previews at 3,600 theaters, down from the $18.5 million grossed by Jurassic World. It ended up debuting at $148 million, the 20th-best opening weekend of all time and second-highest for Universal. It also marked the second time two films opened to over $100 million on back-to-back weekends, following Incredibles 2's $182.7 million debut the week before, since May 2007 when Shrek the Third and Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End opened to $121.6 million and $114.7 million, respectively.[6][211][212] The film was particularly popular among families, leading to an opening weekend that exceeded expectations.[213] In its second weekend the film made $60.9 million, a drop of 59% and less than the $105.8 million made by Jurassic World in its sophomore weekend. In its third weekend it made $28.6 million.[214][215] Outside North America Overseas, the film was released in 48 countries between June 6 and June 8, including France, Germany, South Korea, the United Kingdom, Italy, Russia, and Spain. It was projected to gross $130–145 million on its opening weekend.[216] It made $20.2 million on its first day, including $1.4 million in France and $1 million in Indonesia. In South Korea, it grossed $9.7 million (₩10.3 billion) and sold over 1 million tickets, setting opening day records for both (beating The Mummy's ₩7.4 billion and Avengers: Infinity War's 980,000).[217] It went on to have an international debut of $151.1 million, including $8 million from IMAX screenings. Its largest opening markets were South Korea ($27.2 million), the UK ($19.9 million), France ($10 million), Spain ($9.5 million) and Germany ($9.1 million).[218] In China, the film was released on June 15 and made $34.4 million (¥220 million) on its opening day, nearly double the first day total of its predecessor ($17.5 million).[219] The film went on to open to $111.9 million (¥715 million), the fourth-best-ever in the country for a Hollywood release (behind The Fate of the Furious, Avengers: Infinity War and Transformers: The Last Knight), and bringing its two-week international total to $372.1 million, more than the entire lifetime gross of Jurassic Park III ($368 million).[220] In its third week of international release the film made $106.7 million, bringing its total to $561.5 million. China remained one of the top markets with $32.4 million (a standard 71% drop for Hollywood films in the country), while it was also released in Mexico ($12.3 million), Brazil ($9.2 million) and Australia $7.9 million).[221] As of July 5, 2018, the film has grossed $245.5 million in China, making it the fifth-highest-grossing Hollywood film of all time in the country.[206] Critical response As of October 2021, 47% of the 430 reviews compiled by Rotten Tomatoes are positive and have an average rating of 5.5/10.[222] The website's critical consensus reads: "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom adds another set piece-packed entry to the blockbuster franchise, although genuinely thrilling moments are in increasingly short supply".[222] On Metacritic, which assigned a weighted average score of 51 out of 100 from 59 critics, the film received "mixed or average reviews".[223] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an 82% overall positive score.[6] The Hollywood Reporter found that some critics praised the film's visuals and its break from recent franchise installments with its darker tone, but noted criticism from others regarding the screenplay, "undeveloped concepts", and the feeling that the film franchise had run its course.[9] Variety's Owen Gleiberman called the film better than the first Jurassic World but wrote "... [Fallen Kingdom] ends up being just a so-so ride. I hope the next one is an all-out ride—but that for the first time since Spielberg's 1993 original, it's actually a great one. The audience for this series has proved that it will turn out in mega-droves".[224] Lindsey Bahr of the Associated Press wrote: "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom will not stand up to rigorous scrutiny, and yet, it's kind of an enjoyable, preposterous and thrilling ride that ticks through nostalgia beats like a shopping list".[225] The Boston Globe's Ty Burr likened the film to a "Universal Studios theme park ride" noting: "It's enough for a fun fright night at the movies but lacks anything else: character, mystery, wonder, danger. The film's a rush for an audience that only wants the high".[226] In a more critical assessment, Peter Travers of Rolling Stone said "...this sequel has the perfunctory vibe that comes from filmmakers who cynically believe the public will buy anything T. rex-related, no matter how shoddy the goods or warmed-over the plot".[227] Senior Editor Matt Goldberg of Collider also criticized the screenplay stating that "the film is too lazy to even bother with the modest housekeeping of explaining its characters' motives".[228] The Verge's Bryan Bishop was equally critical: "Like its predecessor, Fallen Kingdom is overstuffed with ethical conundrums, and not sophisticated enough to fully engage with them ... the movie's villains become such cartoony caricatures that it's impossible to take Fallen Kingdom's attempted philosophical musings seriously".[229] Sam Machkovech of Ars Technica called the film a B movie consisting of "a sixth-grade sketchbook mash of dino-murder, cartoonish villains, and plot holes",[230] while Travis M. Andrews of The Washington Post said the film makes dinosaurs boring.[231] In a positive review, Scott Mendelson of Forbes wrote, "Fallen Kingdom is a gorgeous, mostly enjoyable blockbuster that looked great in IMAX. That it doesn't cash all the checks it tries to write is why it's merely a good movie instead of a great one".[232] Writing for The Hollywood Reporter, John DeFore also praised the film: "Finally making good on its name, J.A. Bayona's Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom says goodbye to the park for good, not just carrying the de-extincted dinos off the island but freeing itself from the genre trappings of the previous four films".[233] In a review for Empire, Ben Travis lauded the film giving it four out of five stars saying, "despite some familiar echoes of The Lost World, Fallen Kingdom also takes big, ballsy, irreversible strides, deriving tantalising logical conclusions from Michael Crichton's original premise and setting up a brave new World for this trilogy's final chapter".[234] Sam Prell of GamesRadar+ compared the film to Star Wars: The Last Jedi, stating that both represent turning points for their respective franchises: "Both movies tear down the old to give us something new".[235] IGN's Carlos Morales considered the film a Gothic fable rather than science fiction, noting a shift in tone from the previous films.[236] Many reviewers singled out the scene where a lone Brachiosaurus, stranded on Isla Nublar, succumbs to the volcanic fumes while the characters helplessly watch from the departing ship, as "poignant" or "haunting", especially given the species' role in the first film.[224][227][237][238]
Jurassic World Dominion is a 2022 American science fiction action film directed by Colin Trevorrow, who wrote the screenplay with Emily Carmichael, based on a story by Trevorrow and his writing partner, Derek Connolly. It is the sequel to Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018), the sixth installment in the Jurassic Park franchise, the final film in the Jurassic World trilogy, and the conclusion to the storyline started in the original Jurassic Park trilogy. As with its predecessors, Frank Marshall and Patrick Crowley produced the film with Trevorrow and Jurassic Park (1993) director Steven Spielberg acting as executive producers. The film stars an ensemble cast including Chris Pratt, Bryce Dallas Howard, Laura Dern, Jeff Goldblum, Sam Neill, BD Wong, Omar Sy, Isabella Sermon, Justice Smith, and Daniella Pineda reprising their roles from previous films in the franchise, and they are joined by DeWanda Wise, Mamoudou Athie, Campbell Scott, Scott Haze, and Dichen Lachman. Dern, Goldblum and Neill reprise their roles from the Jurassic Park trilogy, appearing together for the first time since the 1993 film. The film is set four years after the events of Fallen Kingdom, with dinosaurs now living alongside humans around the world. The film was being planned as early as 2014 as part of a future Jurassic World trilogy. Filming began in February 2020 but was suspended in March due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It resumed in July and concluded four months later. Filming locations included Canada, England's Pinewood Studios and the country of Malta. Unlike its two predecessors, Legendary Entertainment was not involved in the film's production as Universal ended their partnership with the company in 2019 after the expiration of their four-year deal. Jurassic World Dominion premiered in Mexico City on May 23, 2022. It is distributed by Universal Pictures and scheduled for theatrical release in the United States on June 10, 2022,[7] in IMAX,[8] 4DX,[9] RealD 3D,[10] and Dolby Cinema.[11] The film has received generally negative reviews from critics, who feel that the franchise has run its course. Contents 1 Premise 2 Cast 3 Production 3.1 Development 3.2 Pre-production 3.3 Writing 3.4 Casting 3.5 Filming 3.5.1 COVID-19 pandemic 3.6 Creatures on screen 3.7 Post-production 3.8 Music 4 Marketing 5 Release 6 Reception 6.1 Box office 6.2 Critical response 7 Future 8 References 9 External links Premise Dominion takes place four years after Isla Nublar has been destroyed. Dinosaurs now live—and hunt—alongside humans all over the world. This fragile balance will reshape the future and determine, once and for all, whether human beings are to remain the apex predators on a planet they now share with history's most fearsome creatures. — Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment[12] Cast Further information: List of Jurassic Park characters Chris Pratt as Owen Grady:[13] An ethologist, Navy vet, and former Jurassic World employee who was responsible for training Velociraptors. He is Claire's boyfriend and Maisie's adoptive father. Bryce Dallas Howard as Claire Dearing:[13] The former Jurassic World park manager and founder of the Dinosaur Protection Group. She is Owen's girlfriend and Maisie's adoptive mother. Laura Dern as Dr. Ellie Sattler:[14] A paleobotanist and one of the consultants who traveled to John Hammond's original Jurassic Park. Jeff Goldblum as Dr. Ian Malcolm:[14] A mathematician in chaos theory and former consultant for Jurassic Park as well a key figure involved in the San Diego incident depicted in The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997). Sam Neill as Dr. Alan Grant:[14] A paleontologist who was consulted for Jurassic Park and is a survivor of the Isla Sorna expedition depicted in Jurassic Park III (2001). DeWanda Wise as Kayla Watts:[15][16] A former Air Force pilot who aids Owen and Claire on their mission Mamoudou Athie as Ramsay Cole: Head of Communications of Biosyn[17] BD Wong as Dr. Henry Wu:[18] The lead geneticist behind the dinosaur cloning programs at Jurassic Park and Jurassic World. Omar Sy as Barry Sembène:[19][20] An animal trainer who worked with Owen at Jurassic World. Additionally, Isabella Sermon appears as Maisie Lockwood, a clone of Benjamin Lockwood's daughter that he originally raised as his granddaughter,[21] as well as the young Charlotte Lockwood. Campbell Scott potrays Dr. Lewis Dodgson, the CEO of Biosyn Genetics, a rival company of InGen. The character was previously portrayed by Cameron Thor in Jurassic Park (1993).[22] Justice Smith portrays Franklin Webb, a former Jurassic World technician and dinosaur rights activist.[23] Scott Haze portrays Rainn Delacourt, a BioSyn employee who kidnaps Maisie and Blue for the company.[24][25] Dichen Lachman portrays Soyona Santos, a dinosaur smuggler.[25][26] Daniella Pineda portrays Dr. Zia Rodriguez, a paleo-veterinarian and dinosaur rights activist.[23] Additionally, Kristoffer Polaha, Elva Trill, Dimitri Thivaios, and Varada Sethu appear as Wyatt Huntley,[27] Charlotte Lockwood,[28] an undisclosed character,[29] and Shira,[30] respectively. Production Development During early conversations on Jurassic World (2015), executive producer Steven Spielberg told director Colin Trevorrow that he was interested in having more films made.[31] In April 2014, Trevorrow announced that sequels to Jurassic World had been discussed. He said they wanted to create something that would be less arbitrary and episodic, and that could potentially arc into a series that would feel like a complete story.[32] Trevorrow was later asked how much planning he had put into a trilogy while he was filming Jurassic World in 2014, in which he replied that he knew where the story will end.[33] He said that planning the beginning, middle, and end of the trilogy ahead of time "is crucial to a franchise like this if you really want to bring people along with you and make sure they stay interested. It needs to be thought through on that level. It can't be arbitrary [...] the earlier Jurassic Park movies had pretty clear definitive endings. They were much more episodic."[34] In May 2015, Trevorrow stated his desire to have different directors work on future films, believing that others could bring different qualities to the series.[35] He said: "I think this is one of those franchises — like Mission: Impossible and like what they're currently doing with Star Wars — that is going to really benefit from new voices and new points of view. […] down the line, looking at the way that franchises have been working, I'm pretty confident this is the right answer for this one. We need to keep it new and keep it changing and constantly let it evolve."[36] Trevorrow also said the series would not always be about a dinosaur theme park, stating that future films could explore the idea of dinosaurs and humans co-existing.[31] Jurassic World producer Frank Marshall confirmed plans for a third Jurassic World film later in 2015.[37] Universal Pictures chairman Donna Langley said that Trevorrow and Spielberg had a story idea for the film.[38] Actor Chris Pratt, who portrayed Owen in Jurassic World, was signed on for future films in the series.[39] Trevorrow said that the friendship in Jurassic World between Owen and Barry (portrayed by Omar Sy) could carry on into the sequels.[32] He also said that Bryce Dallas Howard's character, Claire, would evolve the most over the course of the Jurassic World trilogy.[40] Pre-production Universal announced in February 2018 that the untitled film, known then as Jurassic World 3, would be released on June 11, 2021.[41][42] It was also announced that Trevorrow would write the script with Emily Carmichael, based on a story by Trevorrow and his writing partner, Derek Connolly, who worked with Trevorrow on the scripts for the previous Jurassic World films. As with the previous films, Marshall and Patrick Crowley would serve as producers, with Trevorrow and Spielberg returning as executive producers.[43][44][41] Trevorrow was confirmed to direct the film in March,[45] after he was asked by Spielberg to do so.[13] J. A. Bayona had directed the previous film, Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, and Trevorrow was inspired by Bayona's work on the film, saying that it "made me want to finish what we started."[46] Trevorow had previously been set to direct Star Wars: Episode IX, before departing the project in September 2017. Episode IX would serve as the finale in the Star Wars sequel trilogy. For Jurassic World Dominion, Trevorrow applied the experience and knowledge he gained from the Star Wars project, which he viewed as a "practice run" for creating a finale film. In addition, people who worked with Trevorrow on Episode IX would later join him on Jurassic World Dominion.[47] Legendary Entertainment co-financed the two previous films, but was not involved with the third, as its five-year contract with Universal expired in 2018.[48] Writing Trevorrow met Carmichael in 2015,[49] after seeing a short film of hers.[50] Trevorrow was subsequently impressed with Carmichael's writing work on Pacific Rim Uprising (2018) and a remake of The Black Hole, leading him to choose her as a co-writer for Jurassic World 3.[50][51] Trevorrow and Carmichael were writing the script as of April 2018. Trevorrow said the third film would be a "science thriller", describing it as the Jurassic World film that would most closely match the tone of the franchise's first film, Jurassic Park (1993).[13] He also said the film would not include hybrid dinosaurs, which had prominent roles in the earlier Jurassic World films.[52] He felt that the hybrid-dinosaur concept had "narratively run its course".[53] Trevorrow said about the film and its predecessors: "I have a dinosaur movie that I've always wanted to see, and it took two movies to earn it."[54] He later described the film as a "celebration of everything that has existed in the franchise up until now",[55] and considered it somewhat like a spy film, comparing it to the Jason Bourne and James Bond films.[56] During development of Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom in 2015, Trevorrow said its storyline could involve dinosaurs going open source, resulting in multiple entities around the world being able to create their own dinosaurs for various uses.[57][58] Certain scenes and ideas regarding the integration of dinosaurs into the world were ultimately removed from the Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom script to be saved for the third film, and to keep the second film's story focused.[59] According to Bayona: "There were moments that we thought, this is more like a Jurassic [World] 3 scene so we took them out from the script. Some of those scenes we thought were better seen in a world where dinosaurs had spread all over the world. Colin, from time to time, came to me and said, 'I want this character to say that line because this is a moment that's referencing something I want to use in Jurassic 3'."[54] Following the 2018 release of Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, Trevorrow said the sequel would focus on the dinosaurs that went open source after being sold and spread around the world in Fallen Kingdom, allowing people other than Dr. Henry Wu to create their own dinosaurs.[60][59][54] Trevorrow stated that the film would be set around the world, and said that the idea of Henry Wu being the only person who knows how to create a dinosaur was far-fetched "after 30 years of this technology existing" within the films' universe.[59] Additionally, the film would focus on the dinosaurs that were freed at the end of Fallen Kingdom,[60][59][54] but it would not depict dinosaurs terrorizing cities, an idea that Trevorrow considered unrealistic. Instead, he described a world where "a dinosaur might run out in front of your car on a foggy backroad, or invade your campground looking for food. A world where dinosaur interaction is unlikely but possible—the same way we watch out for bears or sharks. We hunt animals, we traffic them, we herd them, we breed them, we invade their territory and pay the price, but we don't go to war with them."[61] Regarding the realism of the film's story, Trevorrow said that dinosaurs would not be "everywhere all the time. I think any kind of global acceptance that they are just around doesn't feel real to me because, even now when you think of animals, when was the last time you saw a tiger walking down the street? We know there are tigers. We know they're out there. But to me, it's very important that we keep this grounded in the context of our relationship with wild animals today."[62] For inspiration, he watched episodes of Planet Earth, as well as certain alien invasion films told from a realistic perspective.[63][64] Trevorrow said his goal with the Jurassic World trilogy was to have Claire's line from the first film, "No one is impressed by a dinosaur anymore", be proven false in the final film.[62] He also said the final film would be about Owen and Claire's redemption, and their responsibility to take care of Maisie, a cloned girl from the previous film.[60] Trevorrow and Carmichael wanted the character Dr. Ellie Sattler, a paleobotanist from the Jurassic Park trilogy, to lead the story in Dominion.[65][66] He consulted scientists for story ideas, seeking to depict a global ecological crisis which would be caused by genetic tampering, and which would be noticed by a paleobotanist before anyone else. Trevorrow learned of Insect Allies, a program by DARPA in which insects spread pesticides to crops. This inspired the film's locust plot.[67] Trevorrow and Carmichael also consulted with screenwriters Michael Arndt and Krysty Wilson-Cairns, as well as David Koepp, who wrote the first two Jurassic Park films.[66] The film includes a black market sequence in Malta where dinosaurs are sold and forced into fighting. Trevorrow considered it a departure from the dinosaur auction scene in Fallen Kingdom, saying "I felt that what would really happen is a hive of scum and villainy. I wanted to see that".[68] During production of the previous Jurassic World films, Howard kept a list of possible ideas for the final film, including a baby raptor and the underground dinosaur market in Malta. Trevorrow consulted the list while writing the script with Carmichael.[69] Casting Actress Laura Dern, who portrayed Dr. Ellie Sattler in the Jurassic Park trilogy, expressed interest in reprising her role during 2017.[70][71] Trevorrow announced in April 2018 that Pratt and Howard would reprise their roles from the previous films, and that there were other characters in Fallen Kingdom who "you'll realize are major characters".[13] Later that year, Howard said that her top desire for the film was to include more characters from the Jurassic Park trilogy,[72] including Ellie Sattler and Jeff Goldblum's character Ian Malcolm.[73][74] Trevorrow hinted that Sam Neill and Dern could reprise their roles for the film. Neill previously portrayed Dr. Alan Grant in earlier films.[54][60] Trevorrow also said that Dr. Henry Wu, featured in the previous Jurassic World films, was an important character in the film's story.[60] In September 2019, Neill, Dern, and Goldblum were confirmed to be returning for the film in major roles.[75][76][14] They appear throughout the film,[77] which marks Neill and Dern's first appearance in the series since Jurassic Park III (2001). It will also mark the trio's first film appearance together since the original Jurassic Park film, though Goldblum briefly reprised his role in Fallen Kingdom.[78][79] While Goldblum and Neill had both starred in their own Jurassic Park sequel, Trevorrow considered Dominion to be Dern's film among the trio, noting that the plot is partially driven by her character.[80] Trevorrow said he would work with the three actors to ensure their characters are portrayed accurately. He also said the film would answer questions about the characters such as "who are these people now? What do they make of the new world they're living in, and how do they feel about being part of its history?"[79] According to Trevorrow, striking a balance of screen time for the trio and the newer characters was the most difficult aspect of developing the film's story.[80] Neill said he would get into physical shape to prepare for the role, which would include running.[81][82] A month later, Mamoudou Athie and DeWanda Wise were cast in lead roles.[83][84] Athie did not go through an auditioning or screen test process, and instead was cast after a meeting with Trevorrow, who had seen him in The Front Runner (2018) and was impressed by his performance.[85][86] Wise was cast after Trevorrow saw her in the television series She's Gotta Have It.[87] At the end of 2019, Justice Smith and Daniella Pineda were confirmed to reprise their roles from Fallen Kingdom.[23] Isabella Sermon also reprises her role as Maisie from Fallen Kingdom.[21] In early 2020, Jake Johnson and Omar Sy were announced to reprise their roles from Jurassic World,[19] and that Dichen Lachman and Scott Haze had been cast in roles as well.[26][24] BD Wong was also confirmed to reprise his role as Dr. Henry Wu from earlier films.[18] In June 2020, Campbell Scott was cast to portray Lewis Dodgson, a character briefly featured in the first Jurassic Park film. The role was originally played by Cameron Thor, but was recast for Jurassic World Dominion as Thor had since been arrested for sexually assaulting a 13-year-old girl and was sentenced to six years in a state prison.[22] Pratt compared Jurassic World Dominion to another film he was in, Avengers: Endgame (2019), as both films feature the return of numerous characters from their respective franchises.[88] Andy Buckley, who portrayed Scott Mitchell in Jurassic World, stated that he was at one point attached to reprise his role, but his inclusion was dropped during rewrites.[89] Filming In February 2020, a production unit used drones to film aerial scenes at Cathedral Grove on Canada's Vancouver Island.[90][91] Principal photography began on February 24, and the film's title was announced the following day as Jurassic World Dominion.[92][93] Filming in the Canadian city of Merritt, British Columbia was scheduled to begin on February 25.[94][95][96] Filming concluded there in early March,[97][98] and the shoot included the city's downtown area.[99] Later in March, production moved to England's Hawley Common, where parts of the previous film were shot. Filming in Hawley Common, as well as Minley Woods, took place over a three-night shoot from March 9–11, with helicopter filming on the final night.[100][101] Other filming locations in England would include Pinewood Studios, where the previous film was shot.[102][103] Filming at the studios would include the 007 Stage, where large sets were assembled.[104] An exterior set at Pinewood Studios depicted a crashed plane in a snowy environment.[105] In total, more than 100 sets were made for the film.[106] Other filming locations would include the country of Malta and its capital city Valletta.[107] Malta was chosen as a filming location after the country's film commission introduced financial incentives in April 2019, hoping to attract the project to the area.[108] Trevorrow also chose it because he wanted to see "dinosaurs around old stones, around something that's ancient to us, just to illustrate how much more ancient these things are".[109] The film's budget is $165 million.[5] John Schwartzman is the film's cinematographer, returning to the position after working with Trevorrow on the first Jurassic World film.[110] Schwartzman shot the movie with a combination of 35mm film, 65mm film, and VistaVision.[111] The film was shot under the working title Arcadia, which is the name of the ship that transported dinosaurs to the U.S. mainland in the previous film.[94][100] COVID-19 pandemic The production was put on hiatus in March 2020 as a safety precaution due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A decision on when to resume production was originally expected within several weeks.[112][113] Following the delay, the filmmakers saved time by doing post-production work on the footage that was already shot.[114][115] Most of these scenes featured dinosaurs, allowing the visual effects team to get started on the creatures.[115] Universal eventually confirmed that filming would resume in July, at Pinewood Studios. Universal planned to spend approximately $5 million on various safety protocols, including thousands of COVID-19 tests for each cast and crew member, who would be tested before production resumed and multiple times during filming. A medical facility would be commissioned to perform the tests, and doctors and nurses would be located on-site during filming. The cast and crew would also undergo COVID-19 training, and the Pinewood set would include 150 hand sanitizer stations and 1,800 safety signs to remind them of safety precautions such as social distancing. Walk-through temperature testing stations would also be built. All members of the production team would be required to wear masks, except for actors during filming.[116] The cast received a 109-page document outlining various safety protocols.[117] In addition, the 750-person production team was divided in two groups, with a larger group consisting of crew members involved in construction, props, and other pre-filming activities. The smaller group consisted of Trevorrow, the cast, and essential crew members.[118] Filming resumed on July 6, 2020.[119] An entire hotel in England was rented out by Universal for the remainder of the shoot, allowing the cast and crew to quarantine there for two weeks before resuming filming. After quarantine, they were allowed to freely roam the hotel without social distancing or mask-wearing. The cast and hotel employees were tested three times a week. Renting an entire hotel, combined with the COVID-19 precautions, convinced the cast that it would be safe to resume filming.[118] The hotel provided a protective "bubble" for the cast and crew.[5][120][121] Trevorrow encouraged the cast members to make their own creative suggestions regarding their respective characters.[122][123] He and the cast formed a close relationship while living together for four months, allowing them to create the characters "in a way that I never would have had the opportunity to do" if not for the pandemic protocols.[124] The safety measures cost approximately $9 million, including the hotel rooms. Jurassic World Dominion was one of the first major films to resume production during the pandemic, serving as an example for other major productions on how to resume. Regarding COVID-19 safety, Universal considered the film ideal to resume as it required few real locations outside of the studio sets, and it had a relatively small cast and few extras. The earlier start of filming in England also made it easier to resume.[118] Filming locations during July included Black Park, located adjacent to Pinewood Studios.[125] Neill, Dern and Goldblum began filming in early August.[126][127][128] By that time, a total of four crew members in England had tested positive for COVID-19, and another four tested positive in Malta after arriving there ahead of production.[118][129] The first unit crew was to shoot in Malta with Pratt, Howard and Neill, but plans to film there were scaled back a few weeks prior to filming, after an increase there in positive COVID-19 cases. As a result of the rising cases, the United Kingdom added Malta to a list of countries in which people arriving from there must quarantine for 14 days.[130] Scenes set in Malta were rewritten by Trevorrow, and sets were reconfigured to continue with filming.[131] The actors were no longer part of the Malta shoot, which was instead handled by a second unit crew.[130] Filming in Malta was underway at the end of August,[132][133] and continued into September.[130][134] Among the Maltese filming locations was the town of Floriana, where a car-crash scene was filmed.[134] The second unit also filmed establishing shots in Malta.[131] After the Malta shoot, filming continued at Pinewood Studios.[118][135] Because of the rescheduling caused by the pandemic delay, Trevorrow and Johnson struggled to find an ideal time in Johnson's schedule for filming.[136][137] Johnson ultimately had to drop out of the project because of quarantine and travel restrictions, which prevented him from reaching the set.[138] Filming was partially halted on October 7,[135] after several people tested positive for COVID-19. Although the individuals later tested negative, the film's safety protocols required a two-week quarantine period.[139] During the partial shutdown, the main cast members continued to film secondary sequences, before a full resumption of production later in the month.[135] Filming concluded on November 7, after nearly 100 days of shooting.[5] Creatures on screen See also: Dinosaurs in Jurassic Park The film uses more animatronic dinosaurs than the previous Jurassic World films.[140] Approximately 18 animatronics of varying sizes were created for the film,[141] by designer John Nolan.[142][143] Partial animatronics and puppetry were also used.[144] As with all the previous films, Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) worked on CGI versions of the animals.[145] Paleontologist Steve Brusatte worked as a science consultant on the film,[146][147] and Trevorrow sought to strike a balance between realism and "awesome-movie-scary".[148] Jurassic Park III had featured velociraptors with quills along the head, but Dominion – along with a five-minute prologue – introduces fully feathered dinosaurs to the series.[149][150][151] Within the storyline of the previous films, the dinosaurs were created by InGen and partially engineered with frog DNA, explaining inaccuracies in their physical appearance. In Dominion, feathered dinosaurs are introduced through advanced methods from Biosyn.[148] The film's dinosaur antagonist is a Giganotosaurus, which Trevorrow saved for the trilogy's final installment to set up a rivalry with the T. rex.[152] He said, "I wanted something that felt like the Joker. It just wants to watch the world burn".[17] An animatronic Giganotosaurus was created, and Nolan said it was "probably the biggest challenge" for his team. The dinosaur was expected to take six months to build, but his team only had about four months to finish it.[153] Post-production After filming concluded, Trevorrow worked on the film in a barn behind his U.K. house that had been converted into a post-production facility.[154] The film's release had previously been delayed by a year due to the pandemic, and this allowed Trevorrow time to work on visual effects, sound mixing, and scoring as separate processes, unlike most films.[155] As visual effects were almost done, Trevorrow screened the near-finished film for friends and Jurassic Park fans to get feedback and make any necessary improvements. He said that it was a "much more involved process with the audience this time".[156] The film was completed on November 6, 2021.[157] With a runtime of 2 hours and 26 minutes, it is the longest film in the Jurassic Park series.[4] Fifteen minutes were cut from the film, including five which would be released as a prologue.[158] Trevorrow expressed interest in eventually releasing a director's cut with the excluded footage intact.[66] Music The film's musical score was composed by Michael Giacchino, who scored the previous Jurassic World films.[159] The score was recorded at England's Abbey Road Studios over a 10-day period, concluding in May 2021.[160][161][162] Marketing Main article: Jurassic World Dominion prologue A five-minute preview of the film was released in June 2021, attached to IMAX screenings of F9.[141][163][164] Trevorrow initially intended for this footage to act as the film's first five minutes, before deciding to remove it from the final cut.[163][165] The footage was later released online on November 23, as a standalone short film and prologue to promote Jurassic World Dominion.[165][166] The prologue includes a prehistoric segment set in the Cretaceous, during which a Giganotosaurus kills a T. rex in battle. The prologue sets up a present-day rivalry between the two animals, as clones, in the main film.[163][165][152] Universal partnered with Olympians Mikaela Shiffrin, Nathan Chen, and Shaun White, who appeared in commercials promoting both the film and the 2022 Winter Olympics. In the ads, each Olympian has a different encounter with dinosaurs in a snowy environment.[167][168][169] The first trailer was released online on February 10, 2022,[170] four months before the film's release. The trailer's debut came at a later point compared to the previous Jurassic World films.[171] The trailer was also broadcast during Super Bowl LVI, and it earned 86 million views across social media websites during the 24 hours after it aired—nearly three times the post-Super Bowl traffic of Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom.[172] A second trailer was released on April 28.[173] A month before the film's release, Universal launched an in-universe website for the fictional Department of Prehistoric Wildlife (DPW), detailing dinosaur sightings around the world.[174] An exhibit was opened in London's Trafalgar Square a few weeks before the film's release. It included an interactive billboard featuring the Giganotosaurus, which would react to bystanders.[175][176] Mattel and The Lego Group released toys based on the film,[177][178][179] along with Funko[180] and Tamagotchi.[181] An expansion pack tied in to the film is also scheduled to be released for the video game Jurassic World Evolution 2, coinciding with the film's theatrical debut.[182] The Smithsonian Institution produced educational products based on the film.[183] Barbasol released limited-edition canisters of its shaving cream, with design work featuring dinosaurs from the film.[184] Jeep, which has several of its vehicles featured in Dominion, launched a dinosaur-themed commercial as a tie-in to the film.[185][186] Other promotional partners included CKE Restaurants[187] and Ten Thousand Villages.[188] Release Jurassic World Dominion had its premiere in Mexico City on May 23, 2022.[189] The film began its theatrical rollout on June 1, 2022, starting in Mexico and South Korea.[190][191] In the United States, Jurassic World Dominion is scheduled to be released theatrically by Universal Pictures on June 10. The film was previously set for release on June 11, 2021, but it was delayed due to the pandemic.[192] The film is scheduled to stream on Universal's Peacock website within four months of its theatrical release, as part of an 18-month deal. The film would then move to Amazon Prime Video for 10 months, before returning to Peacock for the final four months.[193][194] Following that 18-month deal, it will air on the Starz platform as part of Universal's post Pay-One licensing agreement with the network.[195] Reception Box office In the U.S. and Canada, Jurassic World Dominion is projected to gross around $125 million from 4,600 theaters in its opening weekend.[196] Outside the U.S. and Canada, the film made $55.7 million from 15 early offshore markets.[197] Critical response On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 37% of 142 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 4.9/10. The website's consensus reads, "Jurassic World Dominion might be a bit of an improvement over its immediate predecessors, but this franchise has lumbered a long way down from its classic start."[198] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 38 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[199] Future Further information: Jurassic Park § Future Jurassic World Dominion concludes the second film trilogy and the storyline that began in the original trilogy,[200][201] although Marshall has not ruled out the possibility of future films. In January 2022, he said: "We're going to sit down, and we're going to see what the future is".[201][202]
This article is about the franchise. For the film, see Jurassic Park (film). For the novel, see Jurassic Park (novel). For other uses, see Jurassic Park (disambiguation). Jurassic Park Jurassic Park (franchise logo).png The first film's logo, depicting the skeleton of a Tyrannosaurus Created by Michael Crichton Original work Jurassic Park (1990) Owner Universal Pictures Amblin Entertainment Years 1990–present Print publications Novel(s) Jurassic Park (1990) The Lost World (1995) The Evolution of Claire (2018) Short stories Jurassic Park Adventures: Survivor (2001) Jurassic Park Adventures: Prey (2001) Jurassic Park Adventures: Flyers (2002) Films and television Film(s) Jurassic Park (1993) The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997) Jurassic Park III (2001) Jurassic World (2015) Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) Jurassic World Dominion (2022) Short film(s) Battle at Big Rock (2019) Jurassic World Dominion prologue (2021) Animated series Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous (2020) Theatrical presentations Play(s) Jurassic World Live (2019) Games Traditional Jurassic World: The Legacy of Isla Nublar Video game(s) List of video games Audio Soundtrack(s) Jurassic Park (1993) The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997) Jurassic Park III (2001) Jurassic World (2015) Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) Miscellaneous Toy(s) List of toys and see Lego Jurassic World Theme park attraction(s) Jurassic Park: The Ride (1996) Canopy Flyer (2010) Dino-Soarin' (2010) Jurassic Park Rapids Adventure (2010) The Flying Dinosaur (2016) Jurassic World: The Ride (2019) VelociCoaster (2021) Character(s) List of characters Official website Jurassicpark.com Jurassic Park, later also referred to as Jurassic World,[1] is an American science fiction media franchise centered on a disastrous attempt to create a theme park of cloned dinosaurs. It began in 1990 when Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment bought the rights to Michael Crichton's novel Jurassic Park before it was published. The book was successful, as was Steven Spielberg's 1993 film adaptation. The film received a theatrical 3D re-release in 2013,[2] and was selected in 2018 for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". A 1995 sequel novel, The Lost World, was followed by a film adaptation in 1997. Subsequent films in the series, including Jurassic Park III (2001), are not based on the novels. In 2015, a second trilogy of films began with the fourth film in the series, Jurassic World. The film was successful, becoming the first film to gross over $500 million worldwide in its opening weekend,[3] and grossed over $1.6 billion through the course of its theatrical run, making it the third highest-grossing film at the time. When adjusted for monetary inflation, Jurassic World is the second highest-grossing film in the franchise after Jurassic Park. A sequel, Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) grossed over $1.3 billion worldwide, making it the third Jurassic film to pass the billion dollar mark. It is the third highest-grossing film of 2018 and the 13th highest-grossing film of all time. The final film in the trilogy, Jurassic World Dominion, is scheduled to be released on June 10, 2022. Numerous video games and comic books based on the franchise have been created since the release of the 1993 film, and several water rides have been opened at various Universal Studios theme parks. Lego has produced several animated projects based on the Jurassic World films, including a miniseries released in 2019. DreamWorks Animation and Netflix released an animated series called Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous in September 2020. As of 2000 the franchise had generated $5 billion in revenue making it one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time.[4] Contents 1 Background 1.1 Premise and dinosaurs 1.2 InGen 1.3 Biosyn 1.4 Isla Nublar 1.5 Isla Sorna 2 Novels 2.1 Jurassic Park (1990) 2.2 The Lost World (1995) 2.3 Jurassic Park Adventures (2001–2002) 2.4 The Evolution of Claire (2018) 3 Films 3.1 Jurassic Park trilogy 3.2 Jurassic World trilogy 3.3 Future 4 Short films 4.1 Battle at Big Rock (2019) 4.2 Jurassic World Dominion prologue (2021) 5 Television 5.1 Lego animated projects 5.2 Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous (2020–present) 5.3 Live-action series 5.4 Cancelled projects 6 Cast and crew 6.1 Principal cast 6.2 Additional crew 7 Reception 7.1 Box office performance 7.2 Critical and public response 7.3 Accolades 8 Music 9 Merchandise and other media 9.1 Toys 9.2 Board games 9.3 Comics 9.4 Video games 10 Attractions 10.1 Theme park rides 10.2 Exhibitions 10.3 Live show 11 Notes 12 References 13 External links Background Premise and dinosaurs See also: Dinosaurs in Jurassic Park The Jurassic Park franchise focuses on resurrected dinosaurs which wreak havoc on humans. The dinosaurs, created as theme park attractions, are cloned through genetic engineering. The process is accomplished by extracting ancient DNA from mosquitoes, which sucked the blood of dinosaurs and then became fossilized in amber, preserving the DNA.[5] Although the films primarily take place on islands located in the Pacific coast of Central America, Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) sees the dinosaurs relocated throughout the world, including the U.S. mainland.[6] The film series is notable for its recreation of dinosaurs, achieved primarily through animatronics and computer-generated imagery.[7][8] The first film was praised for its dinosaur effects, and created an increased interest in the field of paleontology, while changing the public perception of dinosaurs with its modern portrayal.[9][10] Later films largely ignored recent paleontological findings to maintain continuity with the earlier installments, leading to criticism among paleontologists.[11][12][13] Jurassic World Dominion (2022) will introduce feathered dinosaurs, in line with modern discoveries.[14] InGen "inGen" redirects here. For other uses, see ingen (disambiguation). InGen company logo in the film series. International Genetic Technologies, Inc. (InGen) is the fictional company responsible for cloning the dinosaurs. According to the novels, it is based in Palo Alto, California, and has one location in Europe as well.[nb 1] Nevertheless, most of InGen's research took place on the fictional islands of Isla Sorna and Isla Nublar, near Costa Rica.[nb 1][nb 2] While the first novel indicated InGen was just one of any number of small 1980s genetic engineering start-ups, the events of the novel and film revealed to a select group that InGen had discovered a method for cloning dinosaurs, which would be placed in an island theme park attraction.[nb 1] InGen was well established in the first novel as the entity behind the park, but for simplicity the first film emphasized the Jurassic Park brand. The InGen name is visible in the film -- on computer screens, helicopters, etc -- but is never spoken. InGen's corporate identity is much more prominent in the second film. By the time that Jurassic World takes place, InGen and all its intellectual property has been bought out by the Masrani Global Corporation. Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction describes InGen as comparable to other "sleazy organizations".[15] Other sources reference the company's receiving a baby T. rex (in The Lost World: Jurassic Park) as an allusion to other exploitative entrepreneurs depicted in the 1933 film King Kong.[16] Ken Gelder describes InGen as "resolutely secretive", like the tax firm in John Grisham's 1991 novel The Firm.[17] Biosyn In the novels, Biosyn Corporation is InGen's corporate rival. The company is controversial for its industrial espionage in the genetics industry. Lewis Dodgson, an employee of Biosyn, helps the company in its theft of corporate secrets. Biosyn is interested in acquiring InGen's dinosaur DNA, believing the animals present a variety of uses such as hunting trophies and pharmaceutical test subjects.[nb 1] Dodgson makes only a minor appearance in the first film, and his employer is not named.[18] However, Biosyn is featured in several video games.[nb 3] The company, as Biosyn Genetics, makes its film debut in Jurassic World Dominion (2022). By the time that the film takes place, Dodgson has become the company's CEO.[18] With dinosaurs loose around the world and captured by governments, Biosyn has won a contract to house the animals at its headquarters in the Dolomites mountain range in Italy.[22][23] The film's director, Colin Trevorrow, described Biosyn not as an "evil" corporation but rather an entity with thousands of employees who have the best intentions in mind, only to feel betrayed by Dodgson upon learning of his actions.[24] Isla Nublar Isla Nublar is a fictional Central American island that serves as a major setting in the first novel and its film adaptation, as well as the films Jurassic World and Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom. According to the novel, its name means "Cloud Island" in Spanish. The tropical island is located 120 miles west of Costa Rica and has an inactive volcano. In the first novel and film, Isla Nublar is the location of Jurassic Park, a dinosaur theme park proposed by InGen, but it fails to open after the animals escape. In the novel, the Costa Rican government declares the island unsafe and has it napalmed; in the film series, the island continues to exist until the Jurassic World trilogy. In Jurassic World, the theme park idea has been carried out successfully by Masrani Global Corporation. By the end of the film however, the island is overrun by dinosaurs once more. In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, Isla Nublar is destroyed when its volcano becomes active again and erupts.[25] In the films, several Hawaiian islands stood in as Isla Nublar, including Oahu and Kauai.[26][27][28] Some filming also took place on sound stages, in California for the original film,[29] and in Louisiana for Jurassic World.[30] Isla Sorna Isla Sorna, also called Site B, is another fictional Central American island. It is 87 miles southwest of Isla Nublar, and 207 miles west of Costa Rica. It is the main setting for the second novel and its film adaptation, as well as the third film. Isla Sorna is where InGen conducted much of its dinosaur research. It is here that the dinosaurs were bred before being shipped off to Isla Nublar; a laboratory on the latter island was built only as a showroom for tourists. Isla Sorna is significantly larger than Isla Nublar and has various climates including tropical, highland tropical and temperate rainforest. At the end of the second film, it is stated that Isla Sorna has been set up as a biological preserve for the animals.[31] Isla Sorna is part of a five-island chain known as Las Cinco Muertes (The Five Deaths), although the other islands do not play a role in the novels or films. The status of Isla Sorna is not mentioned in Jurassic World or Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, but a promotional website for the latter film states that the island ecosystem suffered a breakdown after illegally cloned animals were introduced there. The surviving dinosaurs were relocated to Isla Nublar for the opening of the Jurassic World theme park, leaving Sorna abandoned.[32][31] For the second film, Humboldt County, California served as the primary location for scenes set on Isla Sorna, giving it a forest climate.[33][34] Filming also took place on sound stages at Universal Studios Hollywood,[35] and a beach scene was shot on Kauai.[36][37] The third film largely uses Oahu and Kauai to represent Isla Sorna, as the original film had done for Isla Nublar. A jungle set was also built on a sound stage at Universal Studios.[38][39] Novels Cover of Michael Crichton's Jurassic World two-novel set. Jurassic Park (1990) Main article: Jurassic Park (novel) In 1983, Michael Crichton originally conceived a screenplay about a pterosaur being cloned from fossil DNA.[40] After wrestling with this idea for a while, he came up with the story of Jurassic Park.[41] Crichton worked on the book for several years; he decided his first draft would have a theme park for the setting (similar to his 1973 film Westworld) and a young boy as the main character.[40] Response was extremely negative, so Crichton rewrote the story to make it from an adult's point of view, which resulted in more positive feedback.[40] Steven Spielberg learned of the novel in October 1989 while he and Crichton were discussing a screenplay that would become the TV series ER. Warner Bros. Pictures, Columbia Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Universal Pictures bid for the rights to the novel before its publication. In May 1990, Universal acquired the rights, with the backing of Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment.[42] Crichton put up a non-negotiable fee for $1.5 million as well as a substantial percentage of the gross. Universal further paid Crichton $500,000 to adapt his own novel (Malia Scotch Marmo, who was a writer on Spielberg's 1991 film Hook, wrote the next draft of Jurassic Park, but was not credited; David Koepp wrote the final draft, which left out much of the novel's exposition and violence, and made numerous changes to the characters).[43] Universal desperately needed money to keep their company alive, and partially succeeded with Jurassic Park, as it became a critical[44] and commercial[45] success. The Lost World (1995) Main article: The Lost World (Crichton novel) After the film adaptation of Jurassic Park was released to home video, Crichton was pressured from many sources for a sequel novel.[46] Crichton declined all offers until Spielberg himself told him that he would be keen to direct a movie adaptation of the sequel, if one were written. Crichton began work almost immediately and in 1995 published The Lost World. Crichton confirmed that his novel had elements taken from the novel of the same name by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.[47] The book was also an outstanding success, both with professional and amateur critics.[46] The film adaptation, The Lost World: Jurassic Park, began production in September 1996.[48] Jurassic Park Adventures (2001–2002) Scott Ciencin wrote a trilogy of spin-off novels based upon Jurassic Park III. The series contained Jurassic Park Adventures: Survivor and Jurassic Park Adventures: Prey, both released in 2001, and Jurassic Park Adventures: Flyers, released the following year. The Evolution of Claire (2018) The Evolution of Claire (Jurassic World)[49] is a young adult novel written by Tess Sharpe. It is based upon the Jurassic World trilogy, and was released in 2018 in conjunction with the release of Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom. It is a spin-off set in 2004, prior to the opening of the Jurassic World theme park. The novel is about college freshman Claire Dearing during her summer internship at the park.[50] Films Film U.S. release date Director(s) Screenwriter(s) Story by Producer(s) Jurassic Park trilogy Jurassic Park June 11, 1993 Steven Spielberg Michael Crichton and David Koepp Gerald R. Molen and Kathleen Kennedy The Lost World: Jurassic Park May 23, 1997 David Koepp Gerald R. Molen and Colin Wilson Jurassic Park III July 18, 2001 Joe Johnston Peter Buchman and Alexander Payne & Jim Taylor Kathleen Kennedy and Larry J. Franco Jurassic World trilogy Jurassic World June 12, 2015 Colin Trevorrow Rick Jaffa & Amanda Silver and Colin Trevorrow & Derek Connolly Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver Frank Marshall and Patrick Crowley Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom June 22, 2018 J. A. Bayona Derek Connolly & Colin Trevorrow Frank Marshall, Patrick Crowley and Belén Atienza Jurassic World Dominion June 10, 2022 Colin Trevorrow Colin Trevorrow and Emily Carmichael Colin Trevorrow and Derek Connolly Frank Marshall and Patrick Crowley Jurassic Park trilogy Jurassic Park (1993) Main article: Jurassic Park (film) 1917 skeletal diagram of Tyrannosaurus published by Henry Fairfield Osborn, which was the basis of the covers of Jurassic Park and The Lost World, and subsequently the logo of the movies. Theatrical poster for the 3D re-release of Jurassic Park. John Hammond (Richard Attenborough) is the owner of Jurassic Park, a theme park located on Isla Nublar. After an incident with a velociraptor, Hammond brings in three specialists to sign off on the park to calm investors. The specialists, paleontologist Alan Grant (Sam Neill), paleobotanist Ellie Sattler (Laura Dern), and chaos theorist Ian Malcolm (Jeff Goldblum) are surprised to see the island park's main attraction are living, breathing dinosaurs, created with a mixture of fossilized DNA and genetic cross-breeding/cloning. When lead programmer Dennis Nedry (Wayne Knight) turns off the park's power to sneak out with samples of the dinosaur embryos to sell to a corporate rival, the dinosaurs break free, and the survivors are forced to find a way to turn the power back on and make it out alive. The film also stars Bob Peck, Martin Ferrero, BD Wong, Ariana Richards, Joseph Mazzello, and Samuel L. Jackson. Spielberg cited Godzilla as an inspiration for Jurassic Park, specifically Godzilla, King of the Monsters! (1956), which he grew up watching. During production, Spielberg described Godzilla as "the most masterful of all the dinosaur movies because it made you believe it was really happening".[51] Jurassic Park is regarded as a landmark in the use of computer-generated imagery and received positive reviews from critics, who praised the effects, though reactions to other elements of the picture, such as character development, were mixed. During its release, the film grossed more than $914 million worldwide, becoming the most successful film released up to that time (surpassing E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial and surpassed 4 years later by Titanic), and it is currently the 17th highest grossing feature film (taking inflation into account, it is the 20th-highest-grossing film in North America). It is the most financially successful film for NBCUniversal and Steven Spielberg. Recently, Jurassic Park has been proposed to be recognized as Intangible Geoheritage due to its cultural impact on the people's views about dinosaurs, including a change in the popular iconography of carnivorous dinosaurs.[52] Jurassic Park had two re-releases: The first on September 23, 2011, in the United Kingdom and the second in which it was converted into 3D on April 5, 2013, for its 20th anniversary, which resulted in the film passing the $1 billion mark at the worldwide box office.[53][54][55] In 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[56] The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997) Main article: The Lost World: Jurassic Park Before The Lost World was published, a film adaptation was already in pre-production, with its release occurring in May 1997. The film was a commercial success, breaking many box-office records when released. The film had mixed reviews, similar to its predecessor in terms of characterization. Much like the first film, The Lost World: Jurassic Park made a number of changes to the plot and characters from the book, replacing the corporate rivals with an internal power struggle and changing the roles or characterizations of several protagonists. When a vacationing family stumbles upon the dinosaurs of Isla Sorna, a secondary island where the animals were bred en masse and allowed to grow before being transported to the park, Ian Malcolm (Jeff Goldblum) is called in by John Hammond (Richard Attenborough) to lead a team to document the island to turn it into a preserve, where the animals can roam free without interference from the outside world. Malcolm agrees to go when he discovers his girlfriend, paleontologist Sarah Harding (Julianne Moore) is already on the island, while at the same time Hammond's nephew, Peter Ludlow (Arliss Howard), has taken over his uncle's company and leads a team of hunters to capture the creatures and bring them back to a theme park in San Diego. The two groups clash and are ultimately forced to work together to evade the predatory creatures and survive the second island. The film also stars Pete Postlethwaite, Richard Schiff, Vince Vaughn, Vanessa Lee Chester, Peter Stormare, and a young Camilla Belle. Jurassic Park III (2001) Main article: Jurassic Park III Joe Johnston had been interested in directing the sequel to Jurassic Park and approached his friend Steven Spielberg about the project. While Spielberg wanted to direct the first sequel, he agreed that if there was ever a third film, Johnston could direct.[57] Spielberg, nevertheless, stayed involved in this film by becoming its executive producer. Production began on August 30, 2000,[58] with filming in California, and the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu, and Molokai.[59] It is the first Jurassic Park film not to be based on a novel, although it does incorporate some unused plot elements from the Crichton novels, such as the river escape and the pterosaur aviary. The film was a financial success but received mixed reviews from critics.[60] When their son goes missing while parasailing at Isla Sorna, the Kirbys (William H. Macy and Téa Leoni) hire Alan Grant (Sam Neill) under false pretenses to help them navigate the island. Believing it to be nothing more than sight-seeing, and that he will act as a dinosaur guide from the safety of their plane, he is startled to find them landing on the ground, where they are stalked by a Spinosaurus, which destroys their plane. As they search for the Kirbys' son, the situation grows dire as Velociraptors hunt their group and they must find a way off the island. The film also stars Alessandro Nivola, Michael Jeter, Trevor Morgan, Mark Harelik, and Laura Dern. Jurassic World trilogy The Jurassic World trilogy logo. Jurassic World (2015) Main article: Jurassic World Steven Spielberg devised a story idea for a fourth film in 2001, during production of Jurassic Park III.[61] In 2002, William Monahan was hired to write the script,[62] with the film's release scheduled for 2005.[63] Early aspects of the plot included dinosaurs escaping to the mainland,[64][65][66] and an army of genetically modified dinosaur-human mercenaries.[67][68][69][70] Monahan finished the first draft of the script in 2003.[71] Sam Neill and Richard Attenborough were set to reprise their characters,[66][72] while Keira Knightley was in talks for two separate roles.[73] In 2004, John Sayles wrote two drafts of the script.[74][75] Sayles' first draft involved a team of Deinonychus being trained for use in rescue missions.[76][77][78] Both drafts were scrapped, and a new script was being worked on in 2006.[79][80][81] Laura Dern was contacted to reprise her role, with the film expected for release in 2008.[82][83] The film was further delayed by the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike.[84] Mark Protosevich wrote two film treatments in 2011, which were rejected.[85] Rise of the Planet of the Apes screenwriters Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver were hired in 2012 to write an early draft of the script.[86] In 2013, Colin Trevorrow was announced as a director and co-writer,[87][88] with the film scheduled for release on June 12, 2015.[89] The film was shot in Univisium 2.00:1, and received generally positive reviews.[90] The film features a new park, Jurassic World, built on the remains of the original park on Isla Nublar.[91] The film sees the park run by Simon Masrani (Irrfan Khan) and Masrani Corp, and features the return of Dr. Henry Wu (BD Wong) from the first film.[92] Chris Pratt, Bryce Dallas Howard, and Jake Johnson star, while Vincent D'Onofrio portrayed the main antagonist, Vic Hoskins. The cast also includes Lauren Lapkus,[93] Ty Simpkins, Nick Robinson, Omar Sy, and Judy Greer. The primary dinosaur antagonist is Indominus rex, a genetically-modified hybrid of Tyrannosaurus rex and several other species, including Velociraptor, cuttlefish, tree frog, and pit viper.[94][95] The Indominus Rex also features a chameleon-like camouflage ability, which was a plot element from the second Crichton novel unused in previous films. Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) Main article: Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom A sequel to Jurassic World was released on June 22, 2018.[96][97] The film was directed by J. A. Bayona and written by Trevorrow and Connolly,[97][98] with Trevorrow and Spielberg as executive producers.[97] The film stars Chris Pratt, Bryce Dallas Howard, Rafe Spall, Justice Smith, Daniella Pineda, James Cromwell, Toby Jones, Ted Levine, BD Wong, Isabella Sermon, and Geraldine Chaplin, with Jeff Goldblum reprising his role as Dr. Ian Malcolm.[99] During early conversations on Jurassic World, Spielberg told Trevorrow that he was interested in having several more films made.[100] In April 2014, Trevorrow announced that sequels to Jurassic World had been discussed: "We wanted to create something that would be a little bit less arbitrary and episodic, and something that could potentially arc into a series that would feel like a complete story".[101] Trevorrow, who said he would direct the film if asked,[101] later told Spielberg that he would only focus on directing one film in the series.[100] Trevorrow believed that different directors could bring different qualities to future films.[102] Bayona was once considered to direct Jurassic World, but he declined as he felt there was not enough time for production.[103] Filming took place from February to July 2017, in the United Kingdom and Hawaii.[99][104][105] Former Jurassic World manager Claire Dearing and Velociraptor handler Owen Grady join a mission to rescue Isla Nublar's dinosaurs from a volcanic eruption by relocating them to a new island sanctuary. They discover that the mission is part of a scheme to sell the captured dinosaurs on the black market in order to fund his party's genetic research. The captured dinosaurs are brought to an estate in northern California, where several of the creatures are auctioned and subsequently shipped to their new owners. A new hybrid dinosaur, the Indoraptor (one of the primary antagonists of the film), escapes and terrorizes people at the estate, forcing Owen and Claire to survive the chaos and rampage in the estate. There's also a subplot about human cloning. Fallen Kingdom, similar to the second installment, The Lost World, re-explores the themes about the aftermath of dinosaur park's demise on Isla Nublar and dinosaurs being used for exploitation by humans, like exploiting them for militaristic applications and other uses. Jurassic World Dominion (2022) Main article: Jurassic World Dominion Jurassic World Dominion is scheduled for release on June 10, 2022.[106] It was directed by Trevorrow, with a screenplay written by him and Emily Carmichael, based on a story by Trevorrow and Connolly. Trevorrow and Spielberg serve as executive producers for the film, with Frank Marshall and Patrick Crowley as producers.[107][108][109] The film stars Chris Pratt and Bryce Dallas Howard, returning from the previous Jurassic World films. Sam Neill, Laura Dern and Jeff Goldblum also reprise their characters for major roles,[110] marking the trio's first film appearance together since the original Jurassic Park film.[111][112] In addition, Daniella Pineda, Justice Smith, Isabella Sermon, and Omar Sy reprise their roles from the previous two films.[113][114] Other actors include Mamoudou Athie,[115] DeWanda Wise,[116] Dichen Lachman, and Scott Haze.[117][118] Campbell Scott will be portraying the character Lewis Dodgson from the first film, originally played by Cameron Thor.[119] Planning for the film dates to 2014.[120][98] Trevorrow and Carmichael were writing the script as of April 2018.[121] Trevorrow said the film would focus on the dinosaurs that went open source after being sold and spread around the world in Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, allowing people other than Dr. Henry Wu to create their own dinosaurs.[6][122][25] Trevorrow stated that the film would be set around the world, and said that the idea of Henry Wu being the only person who knows how to create a dinosaur was far-fetched "after 30 years of this technology existing" within the films' universe.[122] Additionally, the film would focus on the dinosaurs that were freed at the end of Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom,[6][122][25] but it would not depict dinosaurs terrorizing cities and going to war against humans; Trevorrow considered such ideas unrealistic. Instead, Trevorrow was interested in a world where "dinosaur interaction is unlikely but possible—the same way we watch out for bears or sharks".[123][124] Certain scenes and ideas regarding the integration of dinosaurs into the world were ultimately removed from the Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom script to be saved for the third film.[122][25] Filming locations included Canada, England's Pinewood Studios, and the country of Malta.[106][125] Jurassic World Dominion began filming in February 2020,[106] but was put on hiatus several weeks later as a safety precaution due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[126] Production later resumed that July, with numerous health precautions in place, including COVID-19 testing and social distancing.[127] Filming wrapped four months later.[106] Future Jurassic World Dominion concludes the second film trilogy as well as the storyline that began in the original trilogy,[128][129][130] although future films in the franchise have not been ruled out. Marshall said in May 2020 that Jurassic World Dominion would mark "the start of a new era", in which humans have to adjust to dinosaurs being on the mainland.[131] Marshall reiterated in January 2022 that there could be more films: "We're going to sit down, and we're going to see what the future is".[129] Trevorrow, noting that he spent nine years working on the Jurassic World trilogy, said in May 2022 that he would likely not return for another film, except in a possible advisory role.[132] He expressed interest in having Howard direct a future film.[133] He also suggested that several characters introduced in Dominion could return for future installments, including Kayla Watts (portrayed by DeWanda Wise), Ramsay Cole (Mamoudou Athie), and Soyona Santos (Dichen Lachman).[134][135] Pratt and Howard do not expect to reprise their roles again,[136] and Neill said Dominion would be the last film for Dern, Goldblum and himself.[137] Short films As of 2022, two short films have been released. Both take place between Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom and Jurassic World Dominion, and are considered canon with the film series.